Leadership - Motivation and Performance - 765 Words

The Expectancy Theory of Motivation explains the factors or the levels of which employees are motivated. There is a direct correlation of an employee’s trend to act in a scenario is dependent on the expectation the act will render. There are three key components and relationships in the expectancy theory. Effort-performance, Performance-reward, and Rewards-personal goals relationship are the three factors that define this correlation. These three will be discussed in detail accompanied by a proposed application for the given scenario. First of all in the Effort-performance relationship deals with â€Å"sweat equity† or how much effort must the employee invest in the position. The amount of effort is directly related to the amount of the†¦show more content†¦Often times the employee is seeking a higher position and would like to have the assurance of once meeting and/or exceeding lower level functions they are recognized by the organization. If the reward expected for the level of performance is not met by the employer the level of motivation goes down. Given then the scenario, though the company prides itself on high production standards and goals, they seem to not be able to translate these into tangible process that can be easily accepted by the employee. There is a three step process that could be done to resolve the issues or concerns of the members of Team A. The first step in my plan will be to identify what is required of by the employee in regards to resources, training or supervision in order to complete the task. For the group of employees that are stating â€Å"hand dexterity† issues, providing the employees with exercises and training to strengthen the hands will be advised, thus increasing both the effort of the employee and the performance level of the task. Production would be increased by setting performance goals that based on the completion of training could be met. The next step in my plan would be making sure that the rewards are fulfilled. One of the concerns is that the pay appears to be equal be tween those who meet the department goals and thoseShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Employee Motivation And Customer Retention Essay1634 Words   |  7 Pagescustomer loyalty, and work efficiency. Indeed, in their research study, Ganesh and Mangalore (2016) established a strong link between employee motivation and customer retention. Therefore, any effort to improve the performance of an organization should begin with addressing human resource issues in the attempt to improve its motivation. Employee motivation has been a central area of focus in organizational behavior issues and studies. Scholars and professionals have been trying to understand factorsRead MoreFactors Contribute Toward Increasing Job Satisfaction And1694 Words   |  7 Pagesjob satisfaction and motivating an employee into a higher performance. †¢ Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory: This theory follows a category of needs that need to be fulfilled for an individual to feel satisfied. Maslow’s categorizes them in a hierarchical order where there are low tier needs that are basic and have to be fulfilled in order to satisfy the upper tier needs that are more important. This aspect explains the motivation theory as one is determined to satisfy the low tier needsRead MoreRelationship Between Leadership And Motivational Theories Essay1297 Words   |  6 Pagesdetermine the relationship between leadership and motivational theories. Motivational concepts are important in order to understand leadership processes. It can be observed that most of these theories concentrate, primarily, on the significance of the behavior of a leader but in the process they either ignore or unconsciously sideline the impact of motivation. It is not possible to measure motivation directly; it has to be derived from the reports or results of the performance outcomes. The difficultyRead MoreHuman Resources1359 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is Motivation? –A state of mind, desire, energy or interest that translates into actionâ€Å" A strong behavioral component –It leads to action –Managers can influence motivation –It is a key to performance Importance of Motivation Motivation impacts PERFORMANCE Performance = Ability x Motivation x Opportunity –Ability – what a person can do: a competence amp; skill –Motivation – interest in doing something include Internal motivation; External motivation –Opportunity – the set-up,Read MoreTransformational Leadership : The New Leadership Paradigm1344 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Transformational Leadership: The New Leadership Paradigm† Boosting morale, increasing motivation, and elevating job performance of followers are all dynamics of a transformational leader. Transformational leadership can be defined as a leader’s approach to nurture and empower followers. This type of a leader exhibits charismatic and visionary tendencies. As its name suggests, a transformational leader transforms and changes people. The emergence of transformational leadership as an approachRead MoreLeadership As A Global Organization1335 Words   |  6 Pagesmaking the organization competitive, only one element stands out; Leadership. Effective leadership points their employees toward the vision and mission of the organization. Moreover, leadership is where solid relationships are created and the interactions with employees positively activate motivation. The leaderships’ positive interaction with their employees, develops a relationship built on trust which produces the peak performance for the organization (Khan , 2016). As each leader builds andRead MoreTraits and Skills Theory: A Doctoral Learner Comparison Approach in Understanding Leadership Traits and Skills1288 Words   |  6 Pagesin Understanding Leadership Traits and Skills Patricia Faison Grand Canyon University LDR 802 August 21, 2013 Traits and Skills Theory: A Doctoral Learner Comparison Approach in Understanding Leadership Traits and Skills Two empirical research studies were compared in the comparison matrix. The articles were located in the Grand Canyon University library. Article one written by Connelly, et al. (2000), is entitled: â€Å"Exploring the Relationship of Leadership Skills and KnowledgeRead MoreIncreasing an Organizations High Performance Production1000 Words   |  4 Pages In recent years the number of organizations is rising, consequently the competition between them is increasing. In order to remain competitive ability, organizations should provide high performance in production. For identifying what leads to high productivity, the key elements of organization should be analyzed. It’s obviously that the core of any organization is human element. There is not product without employee, and consequently there is not organization without workforce. Human naturallyRead MoreLeadership in the UK Police Force Essay1343 Words   |  6 Pagesprofessionalism, commitment, motivation and commitment of s upply for their activities and the country as a whole known. Like any other force, they take the motivation to continue their level of commitment. Depending upon the level of organization, there are a number of motivational factors and theories that maintain this level of motivation at the top of the world, but there is another factor, which provides a roadmap for organizations in terms of professional obligations. This is leadership. According toRead MoreThe Intervention First Begins With The Singtel Sales Representatives1678 Words   |  7 Pagesindicated that employees play a significant role in the success rate of change and may be resistant to the changes if not forewarned (Shin, Taylor Seo, 2012). Besides reducing resistance, communicating the organisational changes increases employee motivation as it allows employees a personal stake in the process (Gilley, Dixon Gilley, 2008). Employees can use the forum to provide constructive feedback and innovation suggestions for the organisation. The forum creates a conducive environment for the

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Aristotle, Conflicting Lifestyles - 831 Words

Conflicting Lifestyles When comparing the contemplative lifestyle to the moral virtuous lifestyle, one finds the differences to rest on the three types of good: goods of the body, external goods, and goods of the soul. One conflict comes between leading a courageous, brave life and desiring happiness. To explain the aforementioned I feel it necessary to define true courage. It seems true courage revolves around death. Not every kind of death is considered noble, for example death from drowning or death from disease. Aristotle feels the noblest death is death in battle because man is faced with the greatest dangers. To die a noble death, one must be in a situation where he can die at any moment, yet still is fearless (bk 3,†¦show more content†¦By pointing out the different problems with the different lifestyles of the moral virtuous life, I attempt to support Aristotles conclusion that the contemplative life is superior to the moral, virtuous life. The reason is that when one leads a moral virtuous life, one is dependent on either goods of the body, or external goods. When one leads a contemplative life, one only needs goods of the soul. Reason being, that when one lives only to learn and understand things, outside forces are irrelevant. Granted, even when living the contemplative life, one needs a certain degree of bodily good; namely decent health, but one does not need abundance. One needs no external goods in the way of praise or money, because the contemplative life consists of self-assurance and self-reliance. There would be no high-minded men if there were no one there to praise them. There would be no truly courageous men if there were no wars. High-minded men need honor, courageous men need both internal and external goods, yet the purely contemplative man needs little or none of the aforementioned, therefore explaining how the contemplative life transcends issues that the moral, virtuous life cannotShow MoreRelated Roman and Greek Philosophys Influen ce on Todays Western Culture780 Words   |  4 Pagesmeans ?meaning of the universe?. Rome at its beginning was basically agricultural and martial culture. As a result, the earliest Romans stressed effortlessness, strength, and toughness, which are all requirements of both the agricultural and martial lifestyles. As an academic discipline, Western political philosophy has its origins in ancient Greek society, when city-states were experimenting with various forms of political organization including monarchy, tyranny, aristocracy, oligarchy, and democracyRead MoreThe Difference Between Emotion and Reason1517 Words   |  7 PagesEmotion is an internal decision. It is ones mind, sometimes consciously and sometimes subconsciously, balancing, integrating and juggling various different, and often conflicting, facts, experiences and concepts. It is a subjective, psychological experience, correlated with a group of physiological reactions arising in response to some situation. It is often held that one can have no emotional self-control, that an emotion cannot be consciously willed to occur at any particular time, that emotionsRead MoreHsun Tzu and Mencius: Conflicting Perspectives of Society1630 Words   |  7 PagesHSUN TZU AND MENCIUS: Their Conflicting Perspectives of Society The Warring States period in China (453-221 BCE) presented a time of great confusion and chaos among the people of China. However, it was also a great period for the philosophy of Confucianism, with the teachings of Mencius and Hsun Tzu to lead the way for their lost followers. According to Hsun Tzu and Mencius, human beings give birth to their children with a sense of an inherent reaction to life. Without proper teaching, childrenRead MoreEvaluate The Application Of Health From A Psychological Perspective?1863 Words   |  8 Pagesdefinition of stressful situations is one in which the demands of the situation threaten to exceed the resources of the individual (Lazarus Folkman 1984). Accordingly a Health psychologist’s will imply methods such as therapy, exercise, diet/lifestyle changes as well as attitude alterations on order to promote and achieve a positive change to the individuals life. Similar to Engel, (Morley 1999) proposed psychosocial interventions, which appeared to help chronic pain patients reduce their distressRead MoreOne Day Diary3172 Words   |  13 Pagesself has three parts; the physical body with its appetites, which animates and drives it, and the thinking mind that rules it. He sees the ideal human life is as integrating its three distinct elements in a hierarchy. According to Thompson(2006), Aristotle sees the self as that which gives form and purpose to the physical body . The uneasy feeling is due to the interaction of mind with the physical body. My concerns towards my physical illness reminded me self care theory. The theory is about the personalRead More Morality and Gay Rights Discourse Essay2620 Words   |  11 PagesMoral ity and Gay Rights Discourse When Aristotle discussed the material premises of enthymemes as being important in rhetoric, he was prescient of the kind of appeals that would be tendered by opponents in the discourse over gay rights issues long after his time. Smith and Windes express the nature of this conflict accurately when they write, â€Å"symbols expressing fundamental cultural values are invoked by all sides† (1997: 28). Similarly, Sarah S. Brown describes the participants in a â€Å"struggleRead MoreGood Virtue For This Final Analysis Assignment Essay2431 Words   |  10 Pagesproblem committed by several students. An email was sent out to the student body encouraging students to report the names of specific wrongdoers as part of the Deans investigation. From here, Joe did not know what to do. As we can see, Joe is in a conflicting place. Since he has found himself with information he didn t want to have in the first place, he just making the decision about what to do with it. The question I would like to address that came from this case is: Is it ethical for Joe to omitRead MoreA World Lit Only by Fire Reading Guide Essay3337 Words   |  14 Pagessurrounding â€Å"mysterious† pregnancies. Famines were common and many lower class families ate only two meals a day. The Church continued to have influence over the daily lives of the people, their luxurious lifestyles becoming a normality for this age. 24. The Hapsburg lands in 1519 included Spain, France England, Ireland, Holy Roman Empire, Poland, Ottoman Empire and Western and Central Europe. 25. The Fuggers were German bankers whoRead MoreSources of Ethics20199 Words   |  81 Pages48 Implications of Behavioural Genetics Research In Society: 50 How the genes influence behaviour and ethics: 52 2.3- PHILOSOPHICAL: 55 2.31- Contribution Of In Ethics By The Source Of Philosophical Systems: 55 2.32- Contribution of Aristotle: 57 2.33- Contributions By Other Important Philosophers: 58 2.34- Rights Theory: 64 2.35- Contribution By KANT: 65 2.36- Contribution By ROSS: 66 2.4- CULTURAL: 68 2.5- LEGAL SYSTEM: 71 2.6- CODES OF ETHICS: 74 2.61- CompanyRead MoreEssay about Ancient History: Sparta 98% Assesment Mark6373 Words   |  26 Pagesthe Delphic oracle. He was instructed to â€Å"establish a sanctuary to Zeus and Athena; divide the people into tribes and obai; appoint the two kings and a Gerousia of 28 men. Although there are some issues on the reliability of sources on Lycurgus, conflicting accounts had been given to most aspects of the life of Lycurgus particularly those relating to his initiatives as a lawmaker. The changes or reforms allegedly introduced Lycurgus were in the form of a great Rhetra and most probably date from

Social Psychology And Multiculturalism - 1644 Words

Psychology has become an integrated part of our real life. Psychology affects life under different theories and identifications. For example, social psychology and multiculturalism work together to create the social change people aspire to. However, social psychology, according to Jahoda (2016), cannot explain the link between the social behavior and the social norms of the society and culture. Hence, social psychology could be a challenge when a person tries other cultures. Furthermore, there are ethical-related issues with theories of psychology that aim at creating positive social change wrapped by multiculturalism. Being an international student in a different country, I see multiculturalism a very evolving term in social psychology†¦show more content†¦Cognitive Psychology focuses on cognitive aids psychologists use to deal with any issue. It investigates all aspects of cognition-memory, thinking, reasoning, language, decision making, and so on (Baron Kalsher, 2008 p. 11). To solve a problem using the cognitive aspect, psychologists need to explore peoples attitudes, beliefs, thoughts, perceptions, and storing and recalling information at certain times. For example, as a social worker, I have different needy people to process their papers and help them with monthly benefits; therefore, I have to make a judgment about them based on the information sent to the brain to process. Cognitive Psychology includes cognitive dissonance theory, which creates harmony among people. More importantly, when people are under a dissonance behavior, they behave differently. The function of Cognitive Psychology is reducing ones inner psychological pain through investigating elements of discomfort. For instance, cognitive mapping helps to create a scenario of what the brain is processing reflected by peoples life. When people interact and affect each other, they work within Social Psychology. For example, if a problem arises in a certain organization, a team works together to get a comprehensive understanding of the problem. Social Psychology studies our attitudes, interpersonal relationships and intergroup interaction. Bandura (2006) explained that there is an obvious connectionShow MoreRelatedSocial Psychology And Multiculturalism1714 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Psychology has become an integrated part of our real life. Psychology affects life under different theories and identifications. For example, social psychology and multiculturalism work together to create the social change people aspire to. However, social psychology, according to Jahoda (2016), cannot explain the link between the social behavior and the social norms of the society and culture. Hence, social psychology could be a challenge when a person tries other cultures. FurthermoreRead MoreWhat I Believe Cultural Competence1344 Words   |  6 Pagesto acknowledge other cultural differences, which intern leaves us to project and compare our perception of ourselves to others. Furthermore, this is why I believe cultural competence in psychology has the knowledge and skills to make a decision in someone else’s cultural context. Cultural competence in psychology has the knowledge and expertise to make a decision in someone else’s cultural context. I’m a future provider of appropriate psychological services, which is why I found these readings entirelyRead MoreMulticultural Competence Of School Psychologists1031 Words   |  5 PagesMulticultural Competence of School Psychologists For more than two decades, school psychology has known about the necessity for, and importance of, developing multicultural competence (Fouad Arrendondo, 2007). From research, ethics, and practice standards, school psychologists and other school personnel have been aware that an effective school professional is multiculturally competent and able to make sense of students’ sociocultural, socioracial, and sociopolitical backgrounds thatRead MoreThe Our Lady Of Lake Community Counseling Center1545 Words   |  7 PagesService, n.d.). In essence, CSS is a remarkable agency whose purpose is to provide solution based counselling services to everyone, but their target demographic is the West Side of San Antonio, where the mainly deal with people from middle to lower social economical class. CSS goal is to help the community, which is why the clinic does not charge people more than what they can afford and will work with clients on payments. 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It explores such topics as differences in worldviews and in means of communication; the acculturationRead MoreSchool Safety And The Environment819 Words   |  4 PagesAs the climate in schools continues to change, parents and educators are concerned with school safety and the environment. The role of the school counselor is to help students develop positive social skills and to ensure students have access to academic and social activities regardless of their age, gender, sexual orientation, race, socioeconomic status and religion. Schools in American are made up of children of color and many of them face inequality because of old institutional practice s thatRead MoreIntercultural Communication : A Discourse Approach1225 Words   |  5 Pageshas drawn attention to the cultural significance of social practices, as well as to intercultural communication and its symbolic element. Symbolic dimensions in intercultural communications are essential especially in places in the world with inequalities among discourses. According to the chapter symbolic competence has three dimensions ‘symbolic representation, symbolic action, and symbolic power’. In the chapter Towards post-multiculturalism? Changing communities, conditions and contexts of diversityRead MoreOrganizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts Paper850 Words   |  4 Pagesindividual attitudes, group dynamics, and relationships between managers and workers Robbins, S. Judge, T. (2009). The organizational behavior is an interdisciplinary body of knowledge with strong ties to behavioral science, psychology, sociology, and anthropology as well social science such economics and politics. The use of scientific methods in the organizational behavior uses methods to develop and test overviews about behavior in organizations. In the scientific methods often propose models

Nitrate Reduction from Different Types †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: How to Find Of the Lack of Nitrate with Different Types of Water? Answer: Introducation There are various research studies carried out on the synthesis method that has a significant impact on the Nano-particles that are being produced. The characteristics, as well as the different synthesis methods to produce nanoscale zero valent iron are studied here in detail. Theoretically, the nitrate reduction by zero-valent iron ions is favorable from electron potential perspective and free energy. With an optimal pH range of nitrate reduction, ammonia is produced as the end product rather than nitrogen gas. The nitrite is a limitation in the reaction according to recent studies. The characteristic and usage of the different synthesis methods to produce nanoscale zero valent iron is studied in detail. the synthesis method has a significant impact on the nanoparticles being produced. The literature review discusses the various methods in depth the merits and demerits of using NZVI. Sodium borohydride is used as a reduction method for synthesis of NZVI. It is used as a result of its merits in high active surface and specific surface area, it can be easily scattered, which brings the increased denitrification rate of nitrate (Shima Ziajahromi, 2012). The resultant black precipitates can be observed in the mixed solution with vigorous stirring. Phosphate removal experiments conducted with the specific time interval was collected and studied. With the aid of phosphate analysis and reactor, a blue complex was formed after reducing the phosphomolybdic acid. Batch experiments were conducted under different temperature conditions to investigate the effect of temperature changes on phosphate removal by NZVI (bezbarauah, 2012). Once the specific temperature is reached, the NZVI particles are added into the phosphate solution. Within a short period of time, the pH increased rapidly and remains between 9 to 10 regardless of the amount of iron throughout the reaction. Other researchers have mentioned previously that nitrate reduction with scaled iron powder does not materialize in the alkaline solution above pH 9 or at least the reactivity decreased considerably (KyoungHee Sohn, 2006). There are various methods of denitrification and the NZVI is a Nano material that is broadly studied and applied. This is because the metal is in abundance and it is not costly. Next, little maintenance is needed for the reduction process and the metal is also freely existing. The increased need for Nano-metals for subsurface remediation of chlorinated compound and sites contaminated by heavy metal has received significant attention in part because of the capability of Nano-metals to quickly convert impurities in controlled laboratory experimentations. Examples of Nano-metals used for this purpose are iron and zinc. However, the most commonly used is the NZVI. (OCarroll et al, 2012). There are many methods that can be used to synthesize the NZVI particles namely the borohydride reduction (liquid phase reduction), gas phase reduction using hydrogen gas, micro emulsion, chemical vapour condensation, thermal reduction as well as physical methods such as peening. The most common of them all is the sodium borohydride reduction method. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the effects of synthesized NZVI on the nitrate reduction of water under different parameters. The parameters are such as reusability and ethanol to water ratio will be varied accordingly to determine which gives the most impact to the reduction. Other than that, the solid phase analysis will also be carried out using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) machine. It aids in the study fo the characterization of the synthesized nanoparticles. Nano-Zero-Valent Iron (NZVI) In the recent years, nanotechnology has been expanding vastly and has been very promising in the contribution to knowledge and science. It has been used numerously for many purposes and one of them is for the remediation of contaminated areas. (Mueller, 2010). Nano particles are very small in sizes and have a dimension of less than 100nm. There are a wide range of applications and uses where nano-particles play an important role. Nano particles can be used in fields such as environment, engineering, electronics, medicine, and others. (li X, Elliot DW, Zhang W, 2006) Iron, magnesium, palladium as well as silver are generally used. (Vyjayanthi JP, 2012). The most well known to be used is the Nano zero valent Iron as recorded by Kober R 2002. The first ever field try of NZVI was recorded back in 2000 in New Jersey, USA where NZVI was used to treat ground water that was contaminated by trichloroethylene. (Bardos P et al, 2014) NZVI has many beneficial properties that contribute to the onsite remediation of ground water and drinking water. These properties are such as large surface area, high reactivity, fast kinetics as well as magnetic properties (Wang X et al, 2014). These characteristics assist in the separation and recovery of tiny unwanted materials from ground water. Although the size is fixed to be around the range of 100nm, there are previous studies that suggest the size to be roughly 60nm while the critical diameter is at 30nm. (sun YP et.al., 2006). The advantage the NZVI has over the granular ZVI is the particle size as well as the surface area. The NZVI has a larger surface area which in turn increases the reactivity of the particle almost a thousand times more. The ability for absorption is much greater than for the granular ZVI. Due to this, the NZVI is said to be more cost efficient as only a small amount is needed for a great effect in the betterment of ground water contamination. (Ponder SM, et.al., 2001) The contaminant degrades at a faster pace and thus saving time in the process. NZVI has the capability to treat even the chemical compounds that are present in aquatic environment such as chlorinated organic compounds, and nitrates. It can also wholly eliminate the formation of toxic intermediate compounds. (Vyjayanthi JP, 2012) Attributes of NZVI The properties of NZVI are such that they have high specific surface area and high active surface. It is easily scattered and as a result, it increases the denitrification rate of nitrate. Amongst the various water treatment methods, NZVI has a high probability in the removal of nitrate. The study of NZVI has become a very vast area. It has been used in halogenated organics, azoaromatics, nitro aromatics as well as the handling of diverse kinds of compounds for example inorganic compounds. The study of NZVI in heavy metals have also been done. In this study, researchers have determined that the complete reduction of nitrate can be accomplished through metallic iron under anaerobic and aerobic conditions. (Ziajahromi, S, et al. 2013). Iron stands out as a robust, shiny and malleable metal that can be found in plenty within the earths crust. It can also be found in the periodic table in group 8 and period 4. NZVI is a derivation of a sub micrometer particle of the iron metal. The reactivity of iron is high as it can react well with oxygen as well as water. At a nanoscale size, the reactivity tends to increase greatly hence shows the significance of NZVI. There are some obvious difference between the properties of bulk iron particles and the NZVI particles. The various factors such as the samples history as well as the conduct and the processing of the NZVI that will impact the size, structure, and the composition of the NZVI can lead to the differences mentioned earlier. The attributes being measured can be altered by the packing of NZVI for measurement purposes. (Baer DR., et al 2007) Many characterization tools such as scanning electron microscopy, optical spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and the x-ray diffraction have been established to analyze the characteristics and properties of Nano-particles in details. The attributes of the NZVI that can be studied through the named tools are such as the size, shape, surface area as well as the chemical state. The core shell structure of NZVI have been revealed through these tools as well. It can be depicted that the NZVI exhibits sorption properties through its iron oxide and also metallic iron as an electron source. Besides that, it is seen that the mixed valence iron oxide shell is largely insoluble under neutral pH conditions which in turn can prevent the core of the zero valent iron from oxidizing quickly. (Baer DR., et al 2007). The NZVI has shown to own magnetic characteristic that depends on various factors such as the synthesis method, size, shape, chemical compositions, oxidation of the surface as well as the dimensions. (Wang C, et.al, 2009). Bare NZVI tends to form chain like structures that may result in accumulation. Magnetic separation is a common separation technique that has been used in various recovery processes such as to separate the coated NZVI particles from algae solution. (Krajewski M, et al, 2015). The NZVI has catalysis properties as well that can contribute in the various reduction reactions for instance by being used as a catalyst in the hydrogenation reaction of many substituted aromatic stability, reusability, ecological friendliness are reasons why transition metals play a significant role in catalysis as well as substitutes of platinum based catalysts. It has better effects when the metal particle is reduced to the nanoscale through the modification of its physical structure such as surface area to volume ratio. Such factors are advantageous in improving the efficiency of the catalyst. (Parimala L and Santhanalakshmi. J, 2014) Morphology and size of NZVI Under the SEM and TEM, the appearance of the Nano particles are usually accumulated together in a spherical shape. The accumulation is caused by the chemical as well as magnetic reactions. The particle is spherical and has a size range of 60nm to 120 nm in diameter. Through the various studies that have been conducted, it can be observed that the morphology of the nanoparticles are dependent on the method of synthesis. A comparison study of the morphology and crystallinity of NZVI produced by the two different methods namely the reduction of NaBH4 and reduction of goethite by hydrogen gas were done by Nurmi et al (2015). The NZVI synthesized via NaBH4 reduction is more spherical in shape and forms chain like aggregate. This is because the medium used was in a solution phase. On the other hand, for the hydrogen gas reduction method, the NZVI has more of an irregular shape as well as large faceted plates which most likely the iron oxides. These two methods present two different charact eristics in terms of their crystallinity. The NZVI via sodium borohydride reduction has an electron diffraction pattern of diffuse rings which shos that the metal phase is bcc polycrystalline iron with individual grain sizes of less than 1.5 nm. At this state, the difference between amorphous and polycrystalline iron is uncertain. The oxide phase tends to be amorphous and disoriented. This can be depicted through the lack of lattice fringe in a HR-TEM micrograph. On the other hand, for the hydrogen gas reduction method, the NZVI exists as a singular crystal particle having a very high crystalline iron oxide phase. This can be seen through the faceted surfaces as well as the presence of the periodic lattice fringes. (Nurmi et. al, 2005). The X-ray diffraction studies present similar observations as the TEM. The wide peak equivalent to bcc for NZVI synthesized by the borohydricde reduction shows a highly disordered iron oxide core. (Liu et al, 2014). No peaks equivalent to iron oxife remained observed in the XRD scale, constant with its vague nature. To examine the fine structure of the oxide layer, Mossbauer spectroscopy has been carried out on the NZVI samples whereby the results depicts the occurrence of mixed ferrous oxide and super paramagnetic ferric oxide. (Kanel et al., 2016). It is very important to determine the effective surface area as well as the relative amount of iron and oxide present in the nanoparticles as through this, the sum of surface reactive sites and reactivity of the particles can be influenced. These effects on the contrary are due the important parameters which are the size and also the size distribution of the NZVI particles. This is done through the geometric correlation between the surface area as well as the size of the NZVI. (Li. S et al 2009). Water Treatment Types The demand for safe drinking water is on the rise. Water treatment industries have a vital role to play in the removal of water pollutants such as nitrate from the water, the primary causes of the nitrate contamination of ground and surface water are the anthropogenic sources. The key sources of such pollutants are nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen pesticides, and the industrial waste water discharge (Vodyanitskii Yu., et al., .2015). Human health is at risk due to the increase of nitrate contaminations is drinking water supplies. When NO3 is reduced to NO2 in newborn babies, methemoglobin will be generated when combined with hemoglobin in the blood. This in turn leads to cyanosis in the babies. Next, bladder and ovarian cancer can be caused by the consumption of the tap water that has high content of nitrate. (Ziajahromi, S, et al., 2013) Ion Exchange Denitrification This is the removal of nitrate from water by sending the water through a bed of synthetic resin bead. This causes the exchange of chloride to take place. the volume of resin achieved will be reformed through a sodium chloride solution. This is commonly referred to as brine. As a result, the resin becomes Cl- form. The water bed is rinsed with fresh and clean water for use in another denitrification process. The regenerant that has been consumed has in it a large concentration of NaCl combined with nitrate and sulphate anions that are removed from the bed of resin. The manufacture of high purity water and produce concentrated brine that requires additional treatment is the main reason why the ion exchange and absorption processes have been established mainly for the frequently concerning adsorption resins. Their capacity is swiftly reached by the produced concentrates hence the need of repeated replacement or regeneration (Naik, 2012). Biological Denitrification The biological water treatment techniques are implemented to remove nitrate from waste water and to prevent eutrophication. The biological denitrification is another method of removing nitrate from water. In this process, a specific natural bacterium is analyzed as nitrate is used for the respiration process which occurs under anaerobic conditions. To achieve a successful biological denitrification on water, the heterotrophic and autotrophic bacteria is used. The bacteria used needs a source of food to enhance its growth in the heterotrophic denitrification. Therefore, the carbon substrate such as methanol and acetic acid can be used. On the other hand, for autotrophic denitrification, the bacteria growth is in need for energy source. The inorganic energy sources namely Sulphur, thiosulphate, and even hydrogen can be used. Bicarbonate found in the water itself can be used as a carbon source for the growth of the bacteria. Various substrates together with reactors are examples of unit processes that is required in this process for the growth of bacteria. To compare these two methods, heterotrophic denitrification systems are used much widely than the autotrophic processes. The waste product of this reaction is mainly biological solids which are not very harmful hence a good idea of water treatment. Industrial waste waters can be treated via this method whether it is domestic waste water or even a complex one. (Naik, 2012) Membrane separation Techniques Reverse osmosis and electro dialysis are common methods of membrane separations and can be applied in the process of nitrate removal. A major demerit to this is that it is up to eight times more expensive to operate with compared to the ion exchange process. The method is not economy friendly as it requires a very large capital as well as extensive operational costs. (Reddy and Lin, 2000). There have been a number of tests regarding the membrane technology that has been carried out. For instance, a chemical process is described by Murphy (1991) whereby aluminum powder reduces small amounts of nitrates in water to ammonia, nitrogen gas, and nitrite. The examples of reactions can be demonstrated by the equations shown below:- The membrane technology is a focused technique that requires a post-treatment of the brine before discharging it out of the process. The chemical treatment alone is not very effective in the treatment of low nitrate concentrations of waste waters. A large amount of chemicals will be needed for this process. (Naik, 2012) Catalytic Reduction The catalysts used in the catalytic reduction which is the process of removal of nitrates form ground water are Palladium Platinum Rhodium on carbon (5-10%) According to a research conducted by Reddy and Lin (2000), it is inferred that rhodium is the most effective catalyst among the list. The process is not expensive and thus can be used for treatment of water in small areas. The coating of rhodium catalyst on to the fiber glass mesh is done and using a photovoltaic cell, a desired redox potential is developed. The operating cost can be reduced by the usage of sunlight as the energy source for the catalyst activation. Liquid-Phase Hydrogenation The liquid phase hydrogenation using a Pd-Cu bimetallic catalyst can assist in reducing nitrate in drinking water. Basing from a study done by Lecloux (1999), Palladium alone is not effective in decomposing nitrates but can detach nitrites while copper is found to be unsuitable in the decomposition of nitrate. Copper to palladium in the ration of 5:1 was considered to be ideal for the selective reduction of nitrate to nitrite. In the process of reduction, nitrite, nitric oxide and atomic nitrogen formation is done so that the production of atomic oxygen formed can be absorbed strongly onto the surface of the catalyst. This in turn will cause the blockage of active sites and reduction of efficiency. In order to enhance the cleaning of catalytic surface and the formation of nitrogen, the partial pressure of hydrogen can be increased. Through the hydrogenation process, the electro neutrality of the solution is maintained through the formation of hydroxide ions. The byproduct of this rea ction is hydroxide ions and it is undesired. The carbon dioxide can be used to handle the issue if necessary. (Fanning, 2000) Electrochemical Techniques Among the various ways of reducing or removing nitrates, electrochemical techniques have also been widely established to serve that purpose on a marketable basis. Cathodes such as nickel, lead, zinc, and iron are used to achieve intermediate formation of nitrite based on Li et al. (1988). Ammonia is left as the final product. The zinc and lead cathodes successfully reduced 90% of the nitrate through the electrolysis process which takes a duration of about an hour. Chew and Zhang (1998) proposed that to treat the contaminated soil, electrokinetics that is coupled with the zero valent iron can be used. The transformation of nitrate to nitrogen was 84-88% when the iron oxide was well located beside the anode and the current was turned on. It is shown that there is probable use of the electrokinetics or iron wall in the treatment of ground water that is contaminated with nitrate. Photochemical Methods The photochemical method has been studied and it is proven that it is possible to reduce nitrate for the treatment of waste water. Light is used for the activation of nitrate ion directly or indirectly in the presence of a catalyst and a reducing agent. Although it is a plausible method, it is a tough energy process thus it is not recommended for water treatment in large scales. (Fanning, 2000)/ Synthesis of NZVI The nanoparticles in the presence of air, water soil or even sediments can occur naturally. They can also be produced synthetically for particular processes. Other than that, it can appear as a by-product from other processes (Mueller NC and Nowack B, 2010). Technically, micro particles are less costly compared to reactive nanoparticles due to the materials needed to synthesize them. (Hoch LB et al. 2008) There are many physical and chemical methods to produce NZVI for instance grinding, abrasion, lithography, annealing at high temperatures as well as most common one which is using reducing agents such as sodium borohydride. There are two approaches to the method of synthesis namely bottom-up as well as the top-down. The bottom up is basically the bringing together of individual atoms and molecules to form Nano sized structures. In this case, reducing agents such as sodium borohydride are used. The top-down approach on the other hand is the crushing or grinding of bulk particles into fine Nano sized particles chemically as well as mechanically. These types of methods can affect the shapes and sizes of the nanoparticles produced. Borohydride reduction or the liquid phase reduction, gas phase reduction, micro emulsion, chemical vapor condensation, thermal reduction as well as electrolysis are examples of chemically synthesized methods. Physical methods on the contrary are such as precision milling, inert gas condensation, polyphenol plant extract as well as ultrasound shot peening. The most popular used method is the borohydride of ferrous as it is a simple method that requires no special equipment or materials. It can even be done in a batch study ad a laboratory scale. (Tao NR, et al 1999). The NZVI produced via this structure is very reactive and has a uniform structure. The cost to produce NZVI at a laboratory scale is cheaper compared to other methods. Other methods have possibility of not being feasible when producing on a large scale. (Li S, et al 2009). NZVI can be synthesized by using an iron salt such as ferric chloride in the presence of a reducing agent such as sodium borohydride. The solution is slowly added into the iron salt while being continuously stirred under anaerobic conditions. As the borohydride solutions is being poured drop by drop, black particles begin to form the iron sal solution. The resulting black substances form is separated via vacuum filtration or a magnet and is then washed with ethanol to prevent oxidation and later dried. ( Sun YP, et al., 2007). To use bimetallic iron by coating NZVI with Tin There are various alternatives for improving the aqueous mobility of NZVI. These are surfactants, polyelectrolyte coatings, and the use of remediation of non-aqueous phase liquids. The particle mobility and stabilization may be enhanced by using of surfactants and plyometric surface coatings. The steric deterrents offset the electrical and dipolar attractions between particles and promote colloidal stability. This can only be achieved when an adequate mass of coating substantial or surfactant is present to form a complete micelle, resulting in its limited applicability. For organic environments, the NZVI can be coated with high molecular weight polymers. The irreversible process provides a more appropriate method for increasing the amount of ions in the solution. The tin-iron alloy is a suitable component in electroplating. Tin is soft and is usually applied in thickness of about 0.0005 equivalent to 12.7micrometres. This avoids some of the issues with interference fits, the machining, or grinding some of the especially difficult to plate heavy deposits of copper, nickel, and chromium on parts that are not well designed. The element that is mixed with Tin to obtain an alloy aims at preventing the rust or corrosion of other metals and alloys that it coats. It is remarkably resistant to corrosion especially under atmospheric conditions. When tin or its alloys are reflowed, some tin will alloy with either ferrous basis metals. This kind of alloy has been reportedly seen to improve the protective value of such coatings. The protection is also obtained as a result of a reduction in the number of pores due to the reflowing as well as greater protection at the remaining pore sites. The relatively slow rate of attack of the atmosphere on tin and its cathodic reaction when combined with more active metals, permits tin to be used as either an undercoating or a top coat with zin, iron, or even cadmium. The purpose of such coating is to improve the benefits derived from the underlying basic metal. When used as a top coating it protects the underlying metal from atmospheric dynamics. It tends to improve the resistance of metals such as zinc from marine atmosphere. From the study of materials, it is known that tin does not have a low value of contact resistance as compared to other metals. It can maintain this value for even longer periods. It is normally cathodic to iron and copper. Its value as a corrosion barrier depends upon the continuity of the coating. It is essential that all electrodeposits that are to be soldered have excellent adhesion. The deposits that are plated over oxidized or oiled surfaces cannot be successfully soldered. Using such kind of coating in water treatment equipment has its merits and drawbacks. Merits Longevity and anti-corrosion properties; It offers a high surface hardness and displays excellent wear resistance Low surface friction resistance and excellent galling resistance, enabling high-precision tapping. It has a high heat resistance which enables high speed tapping There are three paramount conditions necessary for corrosion namely water, oxygen, and an electrolyte. For water treatment practices, using the NZVI, the tin is used in electroplating. During the process, a thin layer of metal is deposited on the object being protected. The tin plating requires the object that is being protected to be the negative terminal. It needs to be surrounded by a solution containing tin chloride ions of the metal to be deposited on the object for coating. The iron cathode and anode becomes coated in tin atoms. This reaction can be demonstrated by the following equation :- Tin as is used in many applications; it is usually base iron coated with tin. This item is referred to colloquially as tin cans. Tin is mainly cheap hence it is used to store items which are availed to consumers at retail stores. There are two different synthesis methods Sn/Fe nanoparticles will affect the reactivity. It showed simultaneous reduction method consists of higher reactivity compared to sequential reduction method. This is because on sequential reduction method only allow a part of Sn nanoparticles combine with Fe nanoparticles (Haiyan Kang, 2012). This is a redox reaction is a type of chemical reaction that transfers electrons from one element to another. It can be split into reduction and oxidation half reactions. The half reactions to make it easier to see the electron transfer. In this study, the synthesizing nanoparticles is also a type of redox reactions. In the synthesis reaction, there is an exchange of electrons.There are many advantages of the application of nanoparticles especially in the remediation of the environment. The benefits are such as the amount of potential dangerous substances are decreased, the cost and the time for big scale remediation are also reduced. It is very efficient in the removal of contaminants in water and soils. Many researches have been done in regards to the study of NZVI over the years. These studies are aimed to improve and innovate the current technology and techniques of the synthesis as well as boost the stability and mobility of the NZVI particles. There are possible threats that re sults from the application of various modified as well as non-modified NZVI. References Barrett, J. H., Parslow, R. C., McKinney, P. A., Law, G. R. and Forman, D. 1998. Nitrate in drinking water and the incidence of gastric, esophageal, and brain cancer in Yorkshire, England. Cancer Causes Contr., 9: 153159 Chen, J., Xiu, Z., Lowry, G. V. and Alvarez, P. J. 2011. Effect of natural organic matter on toxicity and reactivity of nano-scale zero-valent iron. Water Res., 45: 19952001. Cheng, I. F., Muftikian, R., Fernando, Q. and Korte, N. 1997. Reduction of nitrate to ammonia by zero-valent iron. Chemosphere, 35: 26892695. Elliott, D. W. and Zhang, W. X. 2001. Field assessment of nanoscale biometallic particles for groundwater treatment. Environ. Sci. Technol., 35: 49224926. Epron, F., Gauthard, F., Pineda, C. and Barbier, J. 2001. Catalytic reduction of nitrate and nitrite on Pt-Cu/Al2O3 catalysts in aqueous solution: Role of the interaction between copper and platinum in the reaction. J. Catal., 198: 309318 Nolan, B. T., Ruddy, B. C., Hitt, K. J. and Helsel, D. R. 1997. Risk of nitrate in groundwaters of the United States A national perspective. Environ. Sci. Technol., 31: 22292236. Prusse, U. and Vorlop, K. D. 2001. Supported bimetallic palladium catalysts for water-phase nitrate reduction. J. Mol. Cataly. A: Chem., 173: 313328 Ponder S. M., Darab J. G., Mallouk T. E. 2000. Remediation of Cr(VI) e Pb(II) aqueous solutions using supported, nanoscale zero-valent iron. Environmental Science Technology, 34(12), 25642569. Sparis D., Mystrioti C., Xenidis A., Papassiopi N. 2013. Reduction of nitrate by copper-coated ZVI nanoparticles, Desalination and Water Treatment, 51, 29262933. Vodyanitskii Yu. N. and Mineev V. G.2015. Degradation of Nitrates with the Participation of Fe(II) and Fe(0) in Groundwater: A Review, Eurasian Soil Science, 2015, 48, 139147. Zhang, W. X., Wang, C. B. and Lien, H. L. 1998. Treatment of chlorinated organic contaminants with nanoscale bimetallic particles. Catalysis Today, 40: 387395 Zhou H., He Y., Lan Y., Mao J., Chen S., 2008. Influence of complex reagents on removal of chromium(VI) by zero-valent iron. Chemosphere 72, 870874. Zin M. T., Borja J., Hinode H., Kurniawan W.2013. Synthesis of Bimetallic Fe/Cu Nanoparticles with Different Copper Loading Ratios, International Journal of Chemical, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, 7, 12, 687-690. Xu Y., Zhao D., 2007, Reductive immobilization of chromate in water and soil using stabilized iron nanoparticles. Water Res., 41: 21012108.

Effective Management Practices in Health-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Effective Management in Health. Answer: Introduction Health maintenance plays the significant role in the healthcare that needs proper management within the setting so that it ensures proper functioning of the human resource and other resources. Along with this, proper functioning and effective management in healthcare entail a lot of resources in maintaining ones health and wellbeing(Sheldon, 2011). For the present report management case study has been having been selected that mainly focuses on reviewing issue or problem within the workplace. Thus, it will also focus on addressing different ways and strategies that are engaged in improving clinical care or management practice within the healthcare setting. Case Scenario In the healthcare setting, it has been identified that a 70-year-old patient is suffering from mental illness and asthma. Most of the time, she was verbally abused by the worker and got improper doses of medicines that has worsened the situation. The management of care home was unaware regarding the situation as there is no adequate policy or procedure related with managing care within the setting(Reeves, Lewin, Espin, Zwarenstein, 2011). However, Pediatric manager plays the significant role in the adult health care system, but the unavailability of Pediatric manager results in ineffective treatment can lead to an unnecessary test. Thus, it is essential to have proper management within the healthcare so that it supports in imparting proper care. On the other hand, there were no professionals or expertise in the healthcare that engage in delivering different care services to the different patient. Thus, the above stated case shows that there were ineffective staffs within the healthc are that deliver improper services to old age people that directly lead to impact their health condition. Through reviewing the case scenario two examples are used to illustrate that management theory can be applied to the scenario. The foremost example is related with synthesize the workflow through hiring adequate number of professionals within their healthcare so that it may deliver quality services and care to the patients. On the other hand, through reviewing the case it was identified that there were no such framed policy and procedure within the setting that would make management aware reading the problem or issue that arises within the healthcare. In this case scientific theory of management has been applied that set general guidelines related with managing the activities and service users. The need of management and their perspective Healthcare organisations are dynamic in nature that engages in the various level of hierarchy so that it may easily manage the provisions and area of health. It ensures that managers within the setting provide effective leadership well as supervision to their employees and staffs so that they may deliver quality and required services to the patient. It has been further assessed that managers are required to engage in organising and managing the tasks and activities among care workers, nurses and practitioners so that they may easily carry out the tasks in an effective manner(Prince, et al., 2015). In addition to this, it would also engage in managing the appropriate resources such as human and financial resources that support in delivering the standard and quality care to their different disease patient. In order to engage in various clinical and non-clinical activities, it is essential to focus on effective management practices so that it may easily manage the activities within the setting. it has been further critically stated that in the present context management practices and theories within the healthcare focuses on using the human resources as well as their proper participation so that they may impact quality services to different patient(Aveyard, 2014). Through contrasting the modern management theory with the traditional theory it has been assessed that in past practitioners and nurses were not involve in the setting and decision making that has impacted their services in the setting. Although in the present environment scientific management theory (modern management theory) has been applied to the scenario so that it may overcome the problem that arises within the setting. The management theory addresses the different ways through which managers and supervisors engage perfo rming their delegated activities that result in improving economic efficiency of the setting(Glasby, 2017). Along with this, healthcare using scientific management theory would engage in designing effective management structure and staffing of the personnel so that it may deliver adequate and quality services. With the help of enabling effective management theory it mainly concentrate on delivering the high quality, safe healthcare and enable staff to do their jobs effectively so that it ensure meeting the requirement of health and well-being. Along with this, enabling modern management approach within the setting engages in establishing the strong connection to the collective function despite of the individual's role within the system(Moule Hek, 2011). Thus, with the help of collaboration among various workers and staffs, it directly measures the accomplishment of attaining professional boundaries. On the other hand, it has also been stated that with the modern management theory healthcare setting also focuses on implementing effective leadership skills that have supported the management and manager in leading their staff towards attaining the quality outcome. Furthermore, it has been critically evaluated that effective management in healthcare would support in maintaining the adequate policy and procedure within the setting accordant with the devised legislation so that it may not engage in unethical or unwanted activities(Redmond, 2017). It has been further assessed that the modern healthcare settings are complex in nature thus; it is adequate for the registered nurse to have skills and ability to execute their effective roles and responsibility. In addition to this, effective leadership within the setting would assist the practitioners and nurses in developing their skills related with decision making, critical thinking along with the observance to engage in professional, mo ral and ethical practices(Baldwin, 2016). However, leadership and management are considered as an essential for professional practice. On the other hand, in the clinical setting effective leadership plays significant role as it ensure delivering high quality services and care system so that nurses or care worker may not engage in providing ineffective services. In the present environment, transformational leadership theory is considered as supportive approach in the healthcare as manager or general practitioners would influences the staffs or nurses in delivering the treatment and care through encouraging their beliefs towards attaining the desired aim and goals of healthcare(Reeves, Lewin, Espin, Zwarenstein, 2011). Effective practices in the health To impart effectively and quality treatment to different disease patients in the healthcare it is essential for the care workers and practitioners to engage in effective practices that must be done with the help of implementing effective management practices. Through reviewing the case scenario, it has been stated that there is the unavailability of Pediatric manager results in ineffective treatment can lead to the unnecessary test. Along with this, there were no such professionals or expertise in the healthcare that engage in delivering different care services to the different patient(Cameron, Lart, Bostock, Coomber, 2014). Thus, improper management of human resources within the setting has adversely affected the health and well-being of the patient. For this, it is essential for setting to have adequate management practices that support in empowering the practitioners and nurses so that it may impart quality services and care to patients. Furthermore, to ensure effective management practices within the healthcare, it must focus on implementing various legislation and standards so that it may easily manage the tasks and activities. The key legislation that must be implemented within the setting includes Health and Safety at Work Act 1974(Lowes Hulatt, 2013). With the help of implementing this act must ensure proper management of activities and equipment so that it may not harm or impact the health of staffs and employees. Along with this, implementing the act also ensure that staffs are safe in the workplace(Marshall, Crown, Padula, Wong, Osgood, 2015). Moreover, implementing standards within the healthcare also ensure proper controlling and guidance of the activities so that it may engage in effective treatment and services accordant with the guidance. It can be stated that there are certain practices which can be employed in healthcare to improve the overall quality of health in the best possible manner(Morgan, et al., 2017). Using approaches such as collaboration can be termed as very effective regarding improving the health. Strong collaboration between the nurses, management and community can be developed to formulate useful strategies to deliver more satisfactory services to the healthcare service users. Apart from this, the nurses can also employ strategies such as telehealth to improve the overall quality of services linked to healthcare. For instance, the nurses can engage patient in before and after treatment and this can support in obtaining more satisfactory outcomes of the healthcare(Currie Lockett, 2011). Other than this, making the access of healthcare more convenient is another major strategy which can be used as a best practice model in the healthcare. It can be argued that instead of focusing only on providing the high quality of healthcare services cannot be considered as the best practice in healthcare. Based on the information collected, corrective measures are required to be taken by the nurses so that access to healthcare remains convenient and the positive experience can be delivered to the patients. Recommendation Through reviewing the above case scenario and ineffective management practices within the healthcare setting, it has been recommended that it must engage in effective and modern management practices. With the help of modern management practices within the healthcare setting, it supports in allocating the services and tasks among nurses and practitioners so that they may easily engage in effectively performing their services and activities(Boulware, Cooper, Ratner, LaVeist, Powe, 2016). On the other hand, with the help of recommending modern management practices within the setting also allow their staffs and other workers to engage in enhancing their clinical practices so that at the time of emergency they must engage in delivering quality and standard care. On the other hand, it has been evaluated that personal effectiveness of individual supports in promoting the rights of the individual within the health and social care setting(Leggat, Bartram, Stanton, 2011). With the personal effectiveness among the service users, they can easily take decisions by their own regarding the medical practices so that it may result in improving their health issues and problems. In addition to this, through reviewing the case, it has been further recommended that setting must engage in implementing multi-disciplinary team with the help of this patient may easily acquire the quality and range of services within the setting. With the help of multi-disciplinary team, it must focus on collaborating the various professionals and expertise so that they may impart quality of services to their patients(Currie Lockett, 2011). Furthermore, it has also been recommended that healthcare setting must engage in 3 steps to prioritise the clinical quality improvement that overcomes or eliminate the unwanted activities. The first step in the clinical quality improvement includes implementing healthcare enterprise data warehouse foundation through which all the data of healthcare system collaborate into the single source so that it may easily drive the clinical quality improvement(Bridges, Davidson, Soule Odegard, Maki, Tomkowiak, 2011). Another step in the process includes identifying improvement priorities so that manager or supervisor may easily tackle the needs of improvement among the patients. Thus, the last step in the improvement process includes gaining consensus from the clinical team within the setting in order to ensure or define the areas that are needed for improvement. Along with this, it has also been recommended that effective management and practices with the healthcare support in delivering quality care and treatment to different patients so that it enhances their health and well-being. In addition to this, it has been further stated that effective management helps the manager of healthcare in allocating the adequate tasks and activities among the practitioners so that it may impart required services. Thus, with the help of reviewing management case study, I have assessed that effective management practice within the setting plays the significant role as it overcomes the ineffective services that are performed by their staffs(Glasby, 2017). Along with this, I have also gained information regarding the significance of leadership as it act as the effective provision that leads to deliver quality and standard care to the patients. For the health care organizations it is essential to provide patients with quality healthcare services this culture has allowed the continued high-quality care at multiple levels that benefit the overall setting. Conclusion With the help of considering the above report, it has been summarised that there is the significant importance of leadership is widely recognised as a key part of overall effective healthcare as its supports in delivering the quality of services and treatment. Along with this, it has also concluded that with the effective management practices within the setting it positively influence their health management and clinical practices. Furthermore, the certain recommendation has been provided in the context of improving management practices along with clinical practices so that it may easily accomplish the medical requirement of patients. References Aveyard, H. (2014). Doing a literature review in health and social care: A practical guide. London: McGraw-Hill Education . Baldwin, M. (2016). Social work, critical reflection and the learning organization. Abingdon-on-Thames: Routledge. Boulware, L. E., Cooper, L. A., Ratner, L. E., LaVeist, T. A., Powe, N. R. (2016). Race and trust in the health care system. Public health reports . Bridges, D., Davidson, R. A., Soule Odegard, P., Maki, I. V., Tomkowiak, J. (2011). Interprofessional collaboration: three best practice models of interprofessional education. Medical education online , 16 (1), 6035. Cameron, A., Lart, R., Bostock, L., Coomber, C. (2014). Factors that promote and hinder joint and integrated working between health and social care services: a review of research literature. Health social care in the community , 22 (3), 225-233. Currie, G., Lockett, A. (2011). Distributing leadership in health and social care: concertive, conjoint or collective? International Journal of Management Reviews , 13 (3), 286-300. Glasby, J. (2017). Understanding health and social care. United Kingdom: Policy Press. Leggat, S. G., Bartram, T., Stanton, P. (2011). High performance work systems: the gap between policy and practice in health care reform. Journal of health organization and management , 25 (3), 281-297. Lowes, L., Hulatt, I. (2013). Involving service users in health and social care research. Abingdon-on-Thames: Routledge. Marshall, D. A.-L., Crown, W., Padula, W. V., Wong, P. K., Osgood, N. D. (2015). Selecting a dynamic simulation modeling method for health care delivery researchpart 2: report of the ISPOR Dynamic Simulation Modeling Emerging Good Practices Task Force. Value in health , 18 (2), 147-160. Morgan, H. M., Entwistle, V. A., Cribb, A., Christmas, S., Owens, J., Skea, Z. C., et al. (2017). We need to talk about purpose: a critical interpretive synthesis of health and social care professionals approaches to self?management support for people with long?term conditions. Health Expectations , 20 (2), 243-259. Moule, P., Hek, G. (2011). Making sense of research: an introduction for health and social care practitioners. California: Sage. Prince, M. J., Wu, F., Guo, Y., Robledo, L. M., O'Donnell, M., Sullivan, R., et al. (2015). The burden of disease in older people and implications for health policy and practice. The Lancet , 385 (9967), 549-562. Redmond, B. (2017). Reflection in action: Developing reflective practice in health and social services. Abingdon-on-Thames: Routledge. Reeves, S., Lewin, S., Espin, S., Zwarenstein, M. (2011). Interprofessional teamwork for health and social care. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Sheldon, B. (2011). Cognitive-behavioural therapy:. Abingdon-on-Thames: Routledge.