George Carlin Essays - , Term Papers, Research Papers

George Carlin How George Carlin's "Filthy Words" Gave the Government the Power to Regulate What We Hear on the Radio The FCC v. Pacifica Foundation: GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS ON RADIO BROADCASTING In 1978 a radio station owned by Pacifica Foundation Broadcasting out of New York City was doing a program on contemporary attitudes toward the use of language. This broadcast occurred on a mid-afternoon weekday. Immediately before the broadcast the station announced a disclaimer telling listeners that the program would include "sensitive language which might be regarded as offensive to some."(Gunther, 1991) As a part of the program the station decided to air a 12 minute monologue called "Filthy Words" by comedian George Carlin. The introduction of Carlin's "routine" consisted of, according to Carlin, "words you couldn't say on the public air waves."(Carlin, 1977) The introduction to Carlin's monologue listed those words and repeated them in a variety of colloquialisms: I was thinking about the curse words and the swear words, the cuss words and the words that you can't say, that you're not supposed to say all the time. I was thinking one night about the words you couldn't say on the public, ah, airwaves, um, the ones you definitely wouldn't say, ever. Bastard you can say, and hell and damn so I have to figure out which ones you couldn't and ever and it came down to seven but the list is open to amendment, and in fact, has been changed, uh, by now. The original seven words were shit, piss, fuck, cunt, cocksucker, motherfucker, and tits. Those are the ones that will curve your spine, grow hair on your hands and maybe, even bring us, God help us, peace without honor, and a bourbon. (Carlin, 1977) A man driving with his young son heard this broadcast and reported it to the Federal Communications Commission [FCC]. This broadcast of Carlin's "Filthy Words" monologue caused one of the greatest and most controversial cases in the history of broadcasting. The case of the FCC v. Pacifica Foundation. The outcome of this case has had a lasting effect on what we hear on the radio. This landmark case gave the FCC the "power to regulate radio broadcasts that are indecent but not obscene." (Gunther, 1991) What does that mean, exactly? According to the government it means that the FCC can only regulate broadcasts. They can not censor broadcasts, that is determine what is offensive in the matters of speech. Before this case occurred there were certain laws already in place that prohibited obscenity over radio. One of these laws was the "law of nuisance". This law "generally speaks to channeling behavior more than actually prohibiting it."(Simones, 1995) The law in essence meant that certain words depicting a sexual nature were limited to certain times of the day when children would not likely be exposed. Broadcasters were trusted to regulate themselves and what they broadcast over the airwaves. There were no specific laws or surveillance by regulatory groups to assure that indecent and obscene material would not be broadcast. Therefore, when the case of the FCC vs. Pacifica made its way to the Supreme Court it was a dangerous decision for the Supreme Court to make. Could the government regulate the freedom of speech? That was the ultimate question. Carlin's monologue was speech according to the first amendment.(Simones, 1995) Because of this Pacifica argued that "the first amendment pro hibits all governmental regulation that depends on the content of speech."(Gunther, 1991) "However there is no such absolute rule mandated by the constitution," according to the Supreme Court.(Gunther, 1991) Therefore the question is "whether a broadcast of patently offensive words dealing with sex and excretion may be regulated because of its content. The fact that society may find speech offensive is not a sufficient reason for suppressing it."(Gunther, 1991) The Supreme Court deemed that these words offend for the same reasons that obscenity offends. They also state that "these words, even though they had no literary meaning or value, were still protected by the first amendment."(Gunther, 1991) So what does this mean to the American public? This decision gave government the power to regulate, whereas it did not before. Broadcasting, out of all forms of communication, has received the most limited

Analysis of Case Study from a Perspective of Human Development Essays

Analysis of Case Study from a Perspective of Human Development Essays Analysis of Case Study from a Perspective of Human Development Essay Analysis of Case Study from a Perspective of Human Development Essay Analysis of Case Study from a Perspective of Human Development across the Life Span From the angle that the case study has been presented, I as the school’s social worker have been tasked to look into the case of â€Å"Yasmin† a previously high achieving student who has recently been scoring low grades and is reportedly moody. We have been informed that she lives with her mother and five other siblings. Their ages were not presented, and as such, we will be conducting this analysis on the assumption that her mother is in her fifties, her eldest brother in his twenties, her elder sister in her late adolescence (17 – 18 yrs), and that her younger siblings are in primary school. Much of our analysis will be based on Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory of Development [1950; 1968]. Analysis amp; Assessments Yasmin was â€Å"abandoned† by her biological father soon after her birth, at a stage of life where an infant would normally be going through the stage of â€Å"Trust VS Mistrust† as defined by Erikson [1950; 1968]. This is generally a period of time where â€Å"Caregivers comprise the infant’s main Microsystem [Bronfenbrenner, 1977], and through the nature and quality of their interactions, influence his/her perception and understanding of the world as either safe or fearful†. [Sugarman, 2005] Erikson [1950] mirrors that perspective, and states that the major emphasis for the child is the need for the mother’s positive and loving care, and if this need is not met, the child will move into a state of â€Å"Mistrust† where she would develop deep seated self-esteem issues, and a sense that the future may not be as stable as hoped. With the knowledge that Yasmin’s father abandoned the family at this juncture in time, we may need to make the assumption that Yasmin’s mother may not have been in the right state either mentally or emotionally to care for her newborn child. This coupled with the fact that her mother was the only caregiver present; Yasmin probably did not get adequate attention and care, and may likely have developed a negative self concept, and may harbour an abnormal view of the world. Yasmin’s mother soon remarried, and she gained a new father figure in her life. The support of this new caregiver may explain how she matured into a student who was capable of doing very well in school; her teachers called her â€Å"bright†. One may make the assumption that her step-father was supportive and played a huge role in her development bringing security into her insecure world. As such, Yasmin would have probably developed a strong attachment [Bowlby, 1988] to her step-father. At this juncture, she would have been going through what Erikson [1950] defined as the stage of â€Å"Autonomy VS Shame†, where her parents being newly married with a new sense of hope would have worked to develop her in terms of right and wrong, giving her the autonomy to make her own decisions. This would have been further reinforced when her younger siblings were born. By then, Yasmin would probably have already transited into what Erikson [1950] defined as the â€Å"Play Age†, one of â€Å"Initiative VS Guilt†. We can make the assumption that although parental attention would have waned at this juncture, the play and interactions she would have built with her younger siblings would have further strengthened her development. She likely would have been given the opportunity to take the initiative to at times care for her younger siblings, identifying her â€Å"social role† as one of the elder sister, further growing her in terms of confidence. However, her step-father’s recent death must have affected her greatly. As earlier stated, she may have likely seen him as the one who brought her out of her â€Å"rut†, and was probably very attached to him. His death would have been a huge blow to her, and her deep seated esteem issues from her infancy may have resurfaced. At this juncture, she would have just entered into adolescence, a period where she would undergo huge changes both in the physical and socioemotional domains, and would be faced with the major developmental task of creating an identity for herself in the transition to adulthood, her â€Å"personality† so as to speak [Perkins, 2008]. Erikson [1968] defined this as a period of â€Å"Identity VS Role Confusion†, whereby she would be faced with further developmental tasks or discovering herself as an individual, separating herself from her family, achieving new and more mature relations with her peers, and to establish a â€Å"life’s philosophy† [Harder, 2009], in other words finding her meaning and calling. This is a turning point in her life, a period whereby she is confronted by the need to re-establish boundaries for herself and to do this in the face of an often potentially hostile world. [Richard, 1983] and at this juncture her academic success may likely contribute greatly to her formation of identity. She has probably gravitated towards the stage of â€Å"role confusion† whereby the sudden loss of a father figure and breadwinner in the family, coupled with the sudden stigma of being poor, negative choices made by elder role models and the likely withdrawal of her mother have caused her to lose her self-esteem, to question what is right and wrong, and to go on a search for acceptance; leading her into a state of â€Å"moratorium† [Erikson, 1968] where she has chosen to seek the influence of her peers (however negative their behaviours are). This has caused a change in behaviour (eg. the defiance at home, and academic failure) [Kwok, et al, 2008]. Yasmin’s Mother upon being interviewed has informed us that she is depressed and does not know where to turn. She is very affected (assumption) by her husband’s death and the behaviour of her two older children, and does not think she can do anything about Yasmin’s grades. She is likely finding it difficult just holding everything together. She is working as a cleaner at night and (assumption) spends the day taking care of the younger siblings. This is a period in her life that she herself is going through what Erikson [1950] defines as the period of â€Å"Generativity VS Self Absorption† where her most major developmental task is to transmit culturally accepted values to her family [Harder, 2002]. Other important tasks may include maintaining the family’s standard of living, and assisting her children with transition into adulthood, and basic parenting [Lachman, 2001]. These tasks however are not being fulfilled in this case. With the loss of her husband, she may be finding it difficult to put food on the table having to work late into the night, let alone transmit values to and assist her children with transition into adulthood. She is probably moving into the stage of â€Å"Self Absorption† whereby she is beginning to become more absorbed by â€Å"her own† problems, and would rather dwell on them instead of taking action in regards to her children’s issues. Yasmin’s Elder Brother has recently been charged with housebreaking, and is facing incarceration. He is in his twenties and in Erikson’s [1968] definition, is in the life stage of â€Å"Intimacy amp; Solidarity VS Isolation†. A period whereby he is faced with the task of finding mutually satisfying, intimate relationships, however, this is also a trying period for him; Erikson describes intimacy as â€Å"finding oneself yet losing oneself in another†, and one can assume that both he and his younger sister took up the responsibilities of filling in as the â€Å"father and mother† of the family when their biological mother could not. Finding himself in the newly vacant position of â€Å"family head†, and wanting to solidify the relationships within his family, he (assumption) attempts to fill the financial need of his family by any means possible, ultimately leading to his housebreaking charge. Looking into his own childhood, we also see that he and his second sibling both experienced their father walking out on the family while they were still in school, during what Erikson defined as the period of â€Å"Industry VS Inferiority†. Being fatherless, both likely may have grown to believe that they were inadequate and inferior to their peers, resulting in deep seated negative self-concepts. Sugarman [2005] also explains that young adults who live in economic deprivation may see â€Å"work† as unattainable. These factors likely played a part in his choice to commit a crime with the intention of financial gain, believing that he would not be able to find proper job. Yasmin’s Older Sister is assumed to be in her late adolescence, a period whereby she is faced with the challenge of â€Å"Identity VS Role Confusion† [Erikson, 1968]. On one hand, she is an average teenager, going through polytechnic and gaining an education. On the other, she doubles up as a â€Å"parent† at home, filling the role that her mother is beginning to relinquish. This role reversal together with the sudden stigma of being poor, has caused her to become confused in her identity creation process and has (assumption) probably led to her belief that like her brother, she will need to step up and provide for her family by any means possible, ultimately leading to her dropping out of school in search of work. Little is known about Yasmin’s Younger Siblings except for the assumption that they are in primary school, and that they are probably in the stage that Erikson [1950] defines as â€Å"Industry VS Inferiority†. A very social stage whereby the major developmental task is to build significant relationships with peers in school and in the neighbourhood, and feelings of inadequacy and inferiority may cause problems in the development of competence and esteem [Harder, 2009] Evaluation amp; Intervention As a school social worker, little can be done on our part regarding Yasmin’s older siblings. We can however, intervene in the dimensions that involve Yasmin herself. These dimensions or rather systems that we have influence over are in Bronfenbrenner’s [1979] terms, the Microsystem, which involve Yasmin’s school, peers, parent and teachers, and the Mesosystem, which involves interaction between Microsystems. Being the school’s social worker, my immediate action would be to focus on Yasmin’s academic success, mainly affected by her current grades and peer group. Knowing that stress has negative effects on self-esteem, which in turn, may lead to risky behaviours in adolescents [Kwok, et al, 2008], focus should be placed on relieving the stress caused by stigma and her family’s low income. This could be facilitated by assisting her mother in applying for educational financial assistance with the school, which will assist the family in the area of Yasmin’s school fees and textbooks. Financial assistance regarding Yasmin’s daily sustenance can also be actualised by applying for the Straits Times’ School Pocket Money Fund. Refer to references It is also my proposal that Yasmin’s teachers and peers be involved as well, as Yasmin being an adolescent has a strong need for acceptance. Having teachers that can act as friends and mentors instead of just educators and disciplinarians can make all the difference; they may be able to encourage and edify Yasmin, working on her strengths and building up her self-esteem; and guide her into making proper peer choices. As Bill Cosby once said, â€Å"Show me your friends, and I’ll show you your future†, the peers that surround Yasmin have an integral part to play in her success. As such, it is also my recommendation that the school activate the student council to play â€Å"big brother and big sister† to Yasmin, providing her with a group of peer leaders that she can look to for support and acceptance. Yasmin will also be involved in the school’s â€Å"Time Out Programme† [MOE, 2008] for at-risk students. Her teachers and I will also need to work with her mother to help her understand the needs of her children, and to involve her in Yasmin’s educational journey. Being the school social worker, I would also ensure that Yasmin is accountable for her wn growth and schedule regular sessions where Yasmin can confide and â€Å"check in† with me regarding her progress. As for Yasmin’s family, we may be able to refer them to a nearby Family Services Centre, where they would be able to apply for financial assistance. My referral will also specifically identify the need for family counselling, as there is a need to reorganize the family’s current dynamics, and for specific help to be provided for Yasmin’s older siblings in the areas of career and educational guidance. Yasmin’s younger siblings will also need financial assistance in regards to their education. nbsp;

The Strategic Human Resources Management Model and Its Effects Research Paper

The Strategic Human Resources Management Model and Its Effects - Research Paper Example The Personnel Department acts as a meditation centre where arguments, complaints or concerns are settled. They have the rewards and punishment control over the actions of the employees based on their policy regulation function. The evaluation or appraisal function is also a part of the Department’s responsibility. The appraisal process is very important to this department because this is where they get inputs from both the manager and the employee or subordinate regarding the work attitudes and procedures, which they then use to formulate ate development plans. The Department also takes care of the processes for retirement and termination of employment with the company. Looking at all the functions of the Personnel Department, it is clearly shown that the main or primary job of this Department is to maintain order. Generally, the order may mean upholding the policies of the company by closely monitoring and checking the employees’ actions, but there are other meanings a ttached to the maintenance of order. This order may be in terms of relationships or the lack of it among colleagues or between a superior and a subordinate. This order may also be in the form of addressing the manpower needs of each department so they can function well to achieve company goals. This also may take the form of appeasing the concerns or complaints of the employees to maintain peace. The order may also refer to the continuous development of the staff through training to increase productivity. It may also mean the timely and appropriate response to questions relating to job functions and personal privileges or rights.

Summary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Summary - Assignment Example The second step was investigating the speaks as well as distributing the peak lengths and finally random sampling all this for simplifying the major difficulty while studying cells. This is when the scientists need to use complete genome unsystematic sequencing technique to sequence the genome which is quite difficult to acquire and very expensive. One genome consists of a single double circular stranded chromosome of DNA 1, 138,006 bases long and comes in pairs. A genome contains roughly 1,090 genes encoding 1,041 proteins. In the genomic DNA, these reading frames account for 93%. 17% of these genes group depending on other organisms’ similarities and 55% are roles that have definition. An encoded protein ranges from 3235 to 172,869daltons. Some of the applications of DNA technology in medicine include syphilis cure and medicine. Syphilis researchers find it difficult to work with T. pallidum because it is not possible in the lab. The reason it is not possible is because it d oes survive outside the body of a mammal which in this case is the human being or the mammalian cells. The current method of studying T. pallidum is using a rabbit and infecting its testes. From there the symptoms start appearing and they do the same as in human beings. The other reason why study is not possible with human beings is that nobody can accept to take the risk of getting the virus. There are however, pros and cons of the technology especially having in mind that Penicillin has been the best drug of choice to treat syphilis for over 60 years. In the 1960’s, scientists came up with an alternative therapy to penicillin even though there were no signs of antibiotic resistance. The major difficulty while studying syphilis is its inability to culture in a laboratory. Scientists should come up with more ideas on how to do the study because some animals share the same traits and symptoms when sick . Scientists need to use complete genome unsystematic sequencing technique to sequence the genome which is quite difficult to acquire and very expensive. One genome consists of a single double circular stranded chromosome of DNA 1, 138,006 bases long and comes in pairs. A genome contains roughly 1,090 genes encoding 1,041 proteins. In the genomic DNA, these reading frames account for 93%. 17% of these genes group depending on other organisms’ similarities and 55% are roles that have definition. An encoded protein ranges from 3235 to 172,869daltons. Contact lenses This video talk about Contact lens solutions, which mostly come from companies, based in the United Kingdom. The contact solutions have greatly changed the lives of Britons since the companies landed in the United Kingdom 25 years ago. They are on first name terms with Billy, Hemnes and Malm. They are in a variety and come in black-brown, white, blue, veneer and Oak veneer. In these contact lens manufacturing companies, one will also find other particulars related to contact lenses like the lenses themselves although Britons do not know them as well. Since the contact lens solutions, companies opened in United Kingdom, they have been selling contact lens solutions. Swedish product lines of business have turned into a fixture in the homes of the nation. Brits purchased over eight million bookcases to

The fall of Enron cannot be blamed on just a few bad apples, discuss Essay

The fall of Enron cannot be blamed on just a few bad apples, discuss critically - Essay Example lt was a replacement of Andrew Fastow, Enron’s Chief Financial Officer and the start of investigations on investment partnerships depicting the web of partnerships aimed at hiding Enron’s debt. The effect was a plummeting of Enron stock to less than a dollar, and Enron filed for bankruptcy in Dec 2, 2011. This study aims at analysing the strengths and weaknesses of the assertion that the fall of Enron cannot be blamed on just a few bad apples. The effect is the development of an in-depth understanding of the factors that were in play in the fall of Enron and provided a conclusion as to the reasons behind the fall of Enron. There are a number of strengths for the statement,â€Å"a few bad apples are to blame for Enron’s fall†. The statement takes into consideration the mistakes made by a few people including Arthur Andersen LLC, Enron’s accounting firm alongside Andrew Fastow for allowing Enron to use partnerships to hide debt and present questionable profits in its financial statements2. Andersen LLC overlooked problems at Enron since it was a lucrative client garnering over $100 million in fees; hence are among the bad apples to blame for Enron’s fall. Andersen is also responsible for the shredding of evidence relating to its dealing with Enron affecting the ability of investigations to unearth the cause of the fall showing that they are responsible for Enron’s fall. Andrew Fastow is to blame for orchestrating the minimal disclosure and the use of the mark-to-market accounting to hide debts at Enron and gives a false impression of profitability. He also demonstrated a conflict of interest in terms of the $30 million he gained from the partnerships aimed at helping Enron but allowing for him to gain from the transaction sat the expense of the stakeholders. The Enron executives form the other bad apples to blame for the fall of Enron through cashing in on their stock while using company funds for personal use through phony investments. The evidence for

Hydropower And Wind Potentials In Hong Kong Environmental Sciences Essay

Hydropower And Wind Potentials In Hong Kong Environmental Sciences Essay For decades mankind are in search for new energy resources to deal with the depleting fossil fuel. A lot of renewable energy and associated technologies were developed to assist current energy use to mitigate the imperative energy crisis. The current issues of climate change and global warming accelerated the needs into researches on renewable technologies even more. Hong Kong is a special city with limited energy resources in a densely populated space. Current energy source in Hong Kong mostly rely on imported fossil fuels. The intention of replacing fossil fuel with other alternatives have become clear in both Government and non- Government Organisations. The Energy Efficiency Office (EEO); Electrical, Mechanical Service Department (EMSD), HKSARG has performed a study on feasibilities of various kinds of renewable energy in Hong Kong in 2001 (EMSD, 2001), the study gave an overview on feasibility of Solar, Wind, Fuel cells, Energy-from-Waste, and some other alternative energy. Every technologies was analysed, giving a conclusion that solar will be the most viable renewable energy source. The study of Tidal, and Hydroelectricity, however, was loosely studied due to the belief that they are relatively new technologies. However, although they are not being researched until very recent years, they have been used by human long beyond history. Mills that uses tidal energy has been found in the 12th century (Wallechinsky), whereas the hydro-energy was used even further back to Ancient Greek and Roman, where they use hydro-power for grinding mills (The U.S. Department of Energy). BagcÄ ± carried out a research in 2008 targeted to study the potential of developing a zero energy region in outer Island. Peng Chau was analyzed with different implementations of renewable energy and it is shown that a combination of solar, wind and hydro energy were a possible solution towards an Island that is independent from fossil fuel energy supply (BagcÄ ±, 2009). Despite the researches above, there is little research on full scale analysis on the feasibility of Hydro and Tidal energy in Hong Kong. Therefore it is of interest to determine whether the advances of technologies have gain points for Tidal and Hydro energy as potential alternative energy sources in Hong Kong. Tidal Energy Figure 1. Operating principle of Tidal Barrages (Palmer, 2008) Tidal Energy is a result from gravitational force between celestial body such as the earth, moon, sun etc., as the moon is the nearest among other celestial body, it is usually considered as the only contributor to the tidal formation. The moon rotates around the earth every 27.3 days and the earth rotates along its axis every 24hr. The net effect is that tidal fluctuation occures twice each 24 hour 50 mins, same as the earth rotation period with respect to the earth-moon system (World Energy Council, 2004). The amplitude from such fluctuation is called the tidal range, and is the energy that can be captured through a turbo-generator in tide barrage to produce electricity (Figure 1). It is suggested that Tidal energy can provides 5 % of the electricity generated worldwide (Palmer, 2008). According to the meteorological data provided by the Hong Kong Observatory (HKO), Hong Kong displays a gradual change in tidal characteristics, both in tidal range and tidal occurance of high and low tides travelling from southeast to the northwest across the territory. Within a tidal cycle, Waglan Island is the first to experience high tide and low tide whereas Tsim Bei Tsui is the last. Tsim Bei Tsui however, possess the largest mean tidal range of 1.4m, where Waglan Island and Victoria Habour generally possess a tidal range within 1m. (CEDD, 2002; HKO, 2009) Hydro energy Hydro energy shares the same energy carrier with Tidal energy, in which energy from water flow is captured with a marine turbine to generate electricity. It can be install anywhere as soon as water flow exists. Scales of Hydropower generator can be as large as constructions of dam to micro scales, usually found in small villages. Large scale generators were not considered to be implemented as no suitable sites were avaliable. In the report by EMSD, Hydro-energy were briefly analysed, and it is shown that potential of hydro-power in Hong Kong is relatively low compared to wind and solar energy (EMSD, 2001). Despite the feasilbility of Hydroelectricity dam in Hong Kong, there is a debate on the emission of greenhouse gas via this technology. A few studies had suggested that hydroelectric dam will generate three times more than fossil fuel plant to generate the same amount of electricity, in which plants died underneath an operating dam possess anaerobic digestion, generating a significant amount of GHG, especially in south America tropical (e.g. Brazil, Argentina) where hydroelectricity dam is the main source of renewable energy supply. Therefore the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“cleannessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  of Hydropower is back in a debate (Graham-Rowe, 2005). Wind energy Wind energy is so well known and well developed that it is seen as the major potential renewable energy source that are viable in Hong Kong. Turbine were driven by wind to produce energy, scale of wind turbine are ranging from 198m high turbine generating 6 MW of electricity to some 2kW in micro size wind turbine. EMSD also analysed the potential sites for the installation of wind turbine, which a wind map was introduced for references by the public (Figure 2). Local applications include the famous 800kW wind turbine installed in Lamma Island, as well as the proposed wind farm in South-eastern Waters (EPD, 2006). Project Description This Project was targeted to review and anaylse the potential of Tidal and Hydro energy, and to compare them to the well developed Wind energy in Hong Kong. Since such energy sources are largely depend on meteorology, it is necessary to analyse as well as meteorological condition to determine which energy source are most suitable in Hong Kong. Moreover it is useful to review on current development of mentioned technologies to provide example for the implementation in Hong Kong. Objectives This project aims to: Give an overview of current energy consumption patterns in Hong Kong Provide an update on researches on Tidal, Hydro and Wind energy, these include Technologies involved and their latest development Overseas examples of application Potential strategy of implementation in Hong Kong Compare each of energy source to analyse their potential in Hong Kong, these include Meteorological assessment and potential energy gain Environmental Impact Assessment Cost Effectiveness / Costing Figure 2. Wind Power Density over the Region of Hong Kong (EMSD, 2001) Scope of Work To determine whether the technologies are competent in mitigation energy crisis in Hong Kong, it is always easier to understand how the locals use their energy, as well as the energy consumption in Hong Kong. Therefore it is reasonable to give a brief overview on energy flow pattern in Hong Kong. Energy source distribution, energy usage by different users can be obtained from the EEO, EMSD. Since Wind energy was well researched and there are a lot of applications in Hong Kong, wind energy will be used as a base for comparison with other technologies encountered in this project. Local and overseas examples will be discussed, as it provides a real life example into the application of such technologies. As mentioned before this project requires a significant amount of meteorological data, therefore meteorological observations from the Hong Kong Observatory (HKO) will be analysed to review the possibilities of implementing tidal, hydro and wind energy. Despite the HKO, observations from the Environmental Central Facilities can also available to the public for detail analysis of wind and tidal observations. (Environmental Central Facility) Lastly, if viable, a cost analysis on some of the technologies can be carry out to demonstrate the economy of such renewable technologies and thus cost effectiveness can be use as an indicator to compare the aforementioned technologies. Time Management This project is mostly a Literature Research Project with some analysis on meteorological observations. Major milestone includes: 31 January, 2010; submission of inception report 30 September, 2010; submission of preliminary findings 21 April, 2011; submission of project title and draft dissertation (tentative), and expression of intention to complete project 30 June, 2011; Oral Presentation (tentative) 8 August, 2011; submission of final dissertation (tentative) Appendix A shows a Gantt chart showing tentative schedule of the project, stating the milestones as well as phases of the project.

President Wilson in the Twentieth Century :: Essays Papers

President Wilson in the Twentieth Century President Woodrow Wilson was an early twentieth century president that held a large amount of power. Not only did he have extreme power in the United States, but he made important decisions based on his own personal beliefs and ideas that effected the world. President Wilson was geniunely concerned by the sufferings of humans. Wilson felt that his role in office was to serve the public as best he could. Contrary to popular belief he was not the â€Å"machine-like psychotic,† so many people make him out to be. In his inaugural speech, given in March 1913, he stated, â€Å"This is a not a day of triumph, it is a day of dedication. Here muster, not the forces of party, but the forces of humanity. Men’s hearts wait upon us; men’s lives hang in the balance; men’s hopes call upon us to say what we will do. Who shall live up to the great trust? Who dares fail to try? I summon all honest men, all patriotic, all forward-looking men, to my side. God helping me, I will not fail them, if they will but counsel and sustain me.† This was the attitude that Wilson carried out all of his activities with. He jumped into the Presidency with complete dedication. He truly loved the executive responsibility. The outlines of Wilson’s presidential character could not be clearer. He did not just work hard, he slaved away, often to point of complete exhaustion. In letters to his lady friends, one can see the determination and sense of drive that Wilson exemplifies. â€Å"I work hard, of course (the amount of work a president is expected to do, but it is not that that tells on a fellow. It’s the anxiety attending the handling of... affairs in which you seem to be touching quicksilver...I have been under a terrible strain as I have undergone ever since Congress convened in April,† (Barber 65). This dedication carried over to people all over the world. Another powerful move for Wilson was the Fourteen Points. One aspect was a proposal to end secret treaties. Therefore, European couldn’t go behind each other’s backs in time of war. The second point was freedom of the seas. This was that no one could control the oceans.

DBQ 1850’s Period Essay

In 1782 Americans won their independence from Britain in the American Revolution. After the colonies won their independence, Americans created the Constitution. Its purpose was to replace the Articles of Confederation and solve its problems and more importantly to bring the states together under a single document creating a stronger union of all the states. During the period of 1850, until 1861 when the Confederate States of America was formed, the union was clearly divided between the North and South. Although the Constitution was not the only factor leading to sectional tension in America, there are many strong points in the North and South favoring the statement, â€Å"By the 1850’s the Constitution, originally framed as an instrument of national unity, had become a source of sectional discord and tension and ultimately contributed to the failure of the union it had created.†It is known that the union did not last, for there was the Civil War. If the majority of congressional leaders could agree on what the constitution implied, then there probably would not have been a civil war. From several of the documents, there are arguments about what the constitution states. â€Å"To the Argument, that the word ‘slaves’ and ‘slavery’ are not to be found in The Constitution, and therefore it was never intended to give any protection or countenance to the slave system, it is sufficient to reply, that no such words are continued in the instrument, other words were used, intelligently and specifically, to meet the necessities of slavery.† Ralph Waldo Emerson, address on the fugitive slave law. This indicated the constitution can be interpreted differently, and when used with other pertinent documents, can be incongruous. Those views that differentiated were of those in the North and South. The Constitution can be interpreted in many different ways, which leads to sectional discord and tension. For many reasons, the South evidently did not like what the constitution said. There were many conflictions with the compromise of 1850, shown on the map with the United States territories and the fugitive slave act. Certain northerners were so against slavery and the fugitive slave act that they even posted caution signs for the slaves. It shows how kidnappers were being sent after the slaves, and how Northern abolitionists were revolting against the South’s rules and regulations. This fugitive slave act also helped drive the tension deeper into the United States. When the idea of popular sovereignty came about with the compromise of 1850 Freesoilers in office were pushed harder into complex decisions over the popular sovereignty issue. â€Å"FORCING SLAVERY DOWN THE THROAT OF A FREESOILER,† illustrates in a very blatant text and disturbing political cartoon although being okay with slavery in the state, many including Buchanan and Steven Douglas make it seem as if slavery is the only way to go. All of the tension gathering, authors were predestining the Civil War. Ralph Waldo Emerson believed that the Constitution, when assorted with others like the fugitive slave law or the compromise of 1850, were contradictory, and that they aid to the now inevitable seeming end of the union. â€Å"What kind of legislation is this? What kind of constitution which covers? †¦ I suppose the union can be left to take care of itself†¦.But one thing appears certain to me, that , as soon as the constitution ordains an immoral law, it ordains disunion. The law is suicidal, and cannot be obeyed. The union is at an end as soon as an immoral law is enacted. And he who writes a crime into the statute-book digs under the foundations of the capitol to plant there a powder-magazine, and lays a train† This proves that By the 1850’s the Constitution, originally framed as an instrument of national unity, had become a source of sectional discord and tension and ultimately contributed to the failure of the union it has created. This was shown by ambivalent interpretations of the constitution and other important documents when assorted together.

The eNotes Blog For Students eNotes Intern Offers WritingTips

For Students Intern Offers WritingTips 5 Writing Habits to Ditch  Now Our fabulous and world-worn intern returns to share cautionary tales from the battlefield of her college experience. Okay, so really she just graduated from UCLA and is dead smart, but that just means you should pay attention to what she says even more. This time, she covers the five habits most detrimental to writing well. Follow her sound advice, or fear the wrath of the red marker Need more writing help? We have plenty of support in our Grammar and Writing topics waiting to answer your questions! 1. Using the â€Å"Synonym† function in Word as a crutch When you realize that you’re overusing a word, it gets really tempting to simply switch it out with another, helpfully recommended by Word itself. This can be a great tool to use, as it may help to point you in a new direction. However, blindly trusting Word’s thesaurus can also be treacherous. Often, the recommendations it gives are only similar to the word you desire. The difference between two so-called synonyms can be marked.  Take for instance a word I used earlier: â€Å"treacherous.† Treacherous, as defined by Dictionary.com, means â€Å"characterized by  faithlessness  or readiness to betray trust, traitorous,† but it also connotes â€Å"deceptive, untrustworthy, or unreliable† as well as â€Å"dangerous, hazardous.† This word was specifically chosen because it encompassed all of those definitions. However, Word suggests that it be substituted with â€Å"unfaithful,† â€Å"disloyal,† and â€Å"deceitful.† While it is true that all of those words are related to â€Å"treacherous,† none of them also add the element of danger that the original word does. By blindly swapping one word for another without taking the time to consider what it means, you may lose an important element of what you are trying to convey. This can have a drastic effect on your writing, and it also tells your audience that you don’t know what a word means. Rule of thumb: double-check any suggestions Word gives you, just to make sure that it’s an appropriate substitution. 2.  Passive voice I’ll admit it: I have problems myself with passive voice. Even as I wrote that last sentence, I had to stop myself from saying â€Å"passive voice is something I have problems with.† In a nutshell, passive voice occurs when you make the receiver of an action the subject of a sentence. Here’s an example: â€Å"The bread was baked by Harry,† versus â€Å"Harry baked the bread.† Arguments against passive voice say that it makes your writing indirect and impersonal, which is never desirable. That is not to say that passive voice is never appropriate – it can be used to place emphasis on the receiver over the agent of an action, as well as to deny responsibility of an action entirely (the good old governmental favorite: â€Å"Mistakes were made.†) But make sure that passive voice is a conscious stylistic choice, and not simply the result of a lack of attention to detail. 3. Wordiness This often goes hand-in-hand with passive voice. Wordiness makes your writing seem awkward and unfocused. Depending on the context, it can also imply that you are scrambling to meet the required word count. Keep in mind that when your teacher or professor assigns an essay, they (or their TAs) will end up reading anywhere from twenty to a hundred papers over a period of just a few days. Wordiness disrupts the flow of your paper, and makes it harder to read and understand. The more direct your writing is, the more likely it will stand out amongst all of the other confusing, imprecise ideas in the pile. Keeping it short, simple, and direct will allow your audience to focus on your ideas rather than the writing itself. 4. Quotation abuse This goes for almost any type of writing, whether it’s for English, history, or even a science paper: block quotes should be used with extreme caution. They wouldn’t exist if they werent entirely unnecessary, but for the most part your six-page paper on 1984 should not require quotes longer than two lines. Relying too heavily on the original work shows a lack of your own unique ideas. It also has the unfortunate side effect of making your writing boring. If your teacher only wanted to read George Orwell’s work, they wouldn’t have assigned the paper in the first place. The general rule of thumb is: for every line of quotation, you should have twice as much analysis. Only quote the parts of the work that directly support the ideas you are trying to convey. That said, make sure you are quoting enough of the original work as well. Your claims need evidence to support them, because it shows that you are not pulling them out of thin air. You need to strike that balance between too much and too little, because failure to do so weakens your argument considerably. 5. A semicolon for a semicolon’s sake The semicolon is a tricky beast. A lot of people aren’t entirely sure what its function is, but use it regardless because they feel that a paper needs a semicolon to take it to the next level. If you aren’t sure what the function of a semicolon is, don’t attempt to use one. Your writing will not magically become better with the introduction of a semicolon, and the misuse of it will be a red flag in the middle of your work that screams that you don’t know what you’re doing. If you still really want to use a semicolon, here’s the cases in which a semicolon is appropriate: Separating items in a list that use internal punctuation. Here’s an example: Several people came to the party: Anna, a friend of Steven; Joel, my brother’s coworker; and Madison, the chairman’s daughter. Separating two independent clauses that are closely related without the use of a coordinating conjunction. My computer is acting up; I think I need to take it in to be looked at. Separating two independent clauses that are linked by a transitional phrase. I wish I could do something for you; unfortunately, it is out of my hands at this point. Except for the first case, the most important thing to remember about a semicolon is that each part before and after this punctuation should be able to serve as a complete sentence on its own. If you have any doubt over whether you are using a semicolon properly, just abandon it. Oftentimes it can be replaced by a period without any impact on your writing. It is better to be safe than sorry when it comes to semicolons.

How to Talk About the Weather in German

How to Talk About the Weather in German Regardless of the language, everyone likes to talk about the  weather. Learning how to talk about the weather in German is a key part of learning the language. This means youll need to learn more than just the  terms for the weather in German. You will also need to adjust  how  you talk about the weather. As with many other countries, Germany measures weather-related issues like barometric pressure and temperatures differently than in the U.S. There are even a few hidden vocabulary traps youll need to learn to avoid when talking about how warm or cold you are in German. When youre in German-speaking Europe, you also need to learn how to listen to a typical weather forecast. For example, you may need einen Regenschirm (an umbrella )  if Regen  (rain) is in the Wettervorhersage (weather forecast). Weather-Related Vocabulary and Phrases in German The tables  list common weather phrases and vocabulary. Review the chart below to learn many common German weather words and weather-related expressions. The table offers the German phrase or question on the left with the English translation on the right. In German, weather phrases can begin with  es  (it is, or its) or  es  ist  (which also means it is or its). You use  es  with a verb  and es ist  with an adjective.   Das Wetter Expressions DEUTSCH ENGLISH Fragen Questions Wie ist das Wetter heute? Whats the weather like today? Ist es warm/kalt/khl? Is it warm/cold/cool? Wie viel Grad sind es? Whats the temperature?How many degrees is it? Scheint die Sonne? Is the sun shining? Wo ist mein Regenschirm? Wheres my umbrella? ES + VERB Es regnet. Its raining. Es blitzt. Theres lightning. Es donnert. Its thundering. Es schneit. Its snowing. Es hagelt. Its hailing. ES IST + ADJECTIVE Es ist schn. Its nice. Es ist bewlkt. Its cloudy. Es ist hei. Its hot. Es ist kalt. Its cold. Es ist windig. Its windy. Es ist schwl. Its muggy/humid. So ein Sauwetter! Such lousy weather! MIR + IST Mir ist kalt. I feel cold./Im cold. Ist es dir zu hei? Do you feel too hot?/Are you too hot? A Note About Dative Phrases Although it is OK to say Im hot/cold in English, this is not the case in German. To express that you feel hot or cold in German, use a dative pronoun -   dir (to you) and  mir (to me) in the examples above. In German, you say, to me, it is hot rather than I am hot, which in German would roughly translate as you are in heat. Indeed, if you want to  speak German, youll also have to know your dative prepositions. Many dative prepositions are common terms in German, such as  nach  (after, to),  von  (by, of) and  mit  (with). Its hard to speak without them. Simply put,  dative prepositions  are governed by the  dative  case. That is, they are followed by a noun or take an object in the dative case.

Innovation and Small Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Innovation and Small Business - Essay Example Most owners of work together during the process of promoting their small business, for instance, the owner of a coffee shop would work with the owner of a cafe in selling specific signature coffee brand in the restaurant. It is possible for customers at two points to purchase the products of the two companies and this will create opportunities for both businesses for each (Pies et al, 2010). Advice can be got from several small business owners support groups just like She Owns it, where the members of the group gather and discuss together with their peers issues related to their employees, expansion, issues to do with customer service among others. Members in of such groups range from people who are starting businesses to long-term business owners and they provide each other with advice and understanding since they are able to identify issues and concerns that affect each other. Networking in small businesses helps in both forming relationship with other businesses, free advertising also takes place for the company. Small business owners have clear understanding of the importance of having the name of their company out and through promoting the name of a company through peers does this form of advertising well (Pies et al, 2010). ... There is guarantee that when people upgrade their profession they will not come back, therefore managers in professional firms have the task of creating an environment in which the employees are motivated frequently and ensure they are able to balance their commitment to that of the firm as well as the customer. On the contrary, when managing manufacturing firms, the main challenge faced by managers is the management of competing business practices within the firm; looking at the finance function of the firm, they may prefer to communicate using emails while another department such as the human resource department may prefer using memos (Pies et al, 2010). Such type of differences in the manufacturing firm has detrimental effects on its operations especially when they impact on its effective operation, or in the delivery of quality goods and services. When there is weak communication processes, ordering processes and payment of invoices become difficult; therefore, ending these compe tition can take place through institution of company-wide standards. Small manufacturing firms also face these problems and here the manager will have to face several functions, these requires all team members to understand how the firm works and follow the laid down procedures (Pies et al, 2010). Geodis Wilson is a global logistic provider and they provide logistical services; on top of this freight services, the company offers value added services that include customer clearance and insurance in addition to its normal logistic handling services. The company delivers goods from door-to-door and on a timely basis, from one continent to another; this is one thing while use of transit time in realizing tied up capital is another thing. Geodis Wilson is able to accomplish both

THE EARLY GUILTY PLEA DISCOUNT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

THE EARLY GUILTY PLEA DISCOUNT - Essay Example It also determines whether such discounts in any way create a penalty for offenders who plead not guilty thus exercising their right to trial. A sentencing discount refers to a particular reduction that is normally quantifiable and relating to a discrete factor and which the court apply after taking all other considerations of sentencing into account. They relate to post-offence conduct on offender’s part. An individual who has committed a criminal offense has some options in responding to accusations made against him or her. The rules of criminal procedure in a court of law allow an offender to enter a plea of guilty or not guilty and if the offender fails to enter any plea, the court enters a plea of not guilty on for the offender and then begins the trial (Howie, 2008). There has been heavy contest on the levels, aspects and the extent of discounting sentences for defendants who plead guilty. In the recent years, the Australia high court has also weighed in on the debate. It is a statutory requirement in Queensland that the court should take into account a guilty plea and if the court fails to reduce a sentence; it must state its reasons. However, if it reduces the sentence, it is not obliged to state what the definite reduction in sentence was. Actually, even without remorse, the court holds that there should be reduction in sentence. It has also been a requirement for a court to point out the way in which it is reducing a sentence, if it is reducing it as a following the plea. It may achieve a reduction by recommending an early parole. In determining sentence for the offence, a fact of unaccepted offer to plead guilty is relevant (Freiberg, 2006). Following the concern of the discrimination that two elemental notions in sentencing engendered, justices Callinan, Gaudron and Gummow had a joint judgment. They observed the