Casual Layered Analysis

Casual Layered Analysis Casual Layered Analysis is an effective mechanism of developing a wide range of strategic alternatives to achieve a specific goal. A Pakistani researcher called Sohail Inayatullah developed the mechanism. The Casual Layered Analysis tool breaks down the issue under scrutiny into four different divisions in an effort to shed sufficient light on the possible outcomes that the issue might yield. Through this undertaking, the tool is able to facilitate the consideration of a larger amount of scenarios that might result when applying a specific strategy. The four levels utilized by Casual Layered Analysis are Litany, Social Causes, Discourse or worldview and metaphor or myth. Description of Casual Layered Analysis Layers The litany is the first layer in Casual Layered Analysis. As illustrated by Sohail Inayatullah, litany involves the description of a certain issue through the use of quantitative techniques. The projections of current societal problems through the use of figures are often unauthentic in the view of Sohail Inayatullah. Little problems are exaggerated to seem big to ordinary people so as to create an atmosphere of fear. This has been used to draw political influence and prompt members of society to conform to the current conditions. Problems can be anticipated more accurately working back and forth through the different levels of Casual Layered Analysis (Inayatullah, 2009). The second level of Casual Layered Analysis is the social causes. In this level, the various factors that influence the issue under scrutiny are evaluated. The forces that affect the issues can be political, cultural, economic or historical. The environmental conservation issue can be used as an example to clearly describe this level of Casual Layered Analysis. Environmental conservation activists who try to come up with strategies to counter its effects believe that the main causes of environmental pollution are indecent behavior from people in terms of careless dumping and excessive toxic waste from industries. The main purpose of this level is to evaluate the sources of the issue under scrutiny (Inayatullah, 2009). The third level of Casual Layered Analysis is the discourse or worldview. The main focus of this level is the universal perception about the issue at hand. By evaluating the universal perception about the issue, an individual can get a deeper understanding of the issue by looking at the various assumptions that people old about the issue. For instance, in the case of environmental pollution, there is a concurrence among most members of society that the root of the issue is increased industrial activity. The perceptions held by various people can differ based on a persons culture, religion or amount of knowledge about the issue. For instance, a person with rich information about environmental conservation can say that global warming has caused the recent extreme weather cases. Oppositely, a person who is extremely religious will say that the recent cases of extreme weather are signs of the end of the world (Inayatullah, 2009). The fourth level of Casual Layered Analysis is myth or metaphor. These are beliefs and perceptions about the issue under scrutiny that have been existence for a long time. The focus of this layer is to evaluate a persons beliefs about the issue at hand. This layer uncovers the emotional attachments and various aspects of the unconscious mind that have an effect the way a person views the problem. The Casual Layered Analysis enables people to clearly understand the issue from numerous viewpoints. It breaks down the problem into multiple facets so that people can have numerous alternatives when trying to come with strategies geared towards the achievement of objectives regarding the issue. By going back and forth through, the layers provided by this tool, individuals can be able to come up with innovative strategies to achieve their future goals (Inayatullah, 2009). The new layers in the Casual Layered analysis should be geared towards the achievement of a specific goal. The new metaphor will be an adjustment of the previous myths that contributed to the creation of the current situation. The new myth should be full of possibilities and hope in order to give the individual the energy to conceptualize the most effective strategy to achieve his or her future ambitions. The new worldview will then be derived from the new myth. The new worldview should be encompassed of new possible mechanisms that can be utilized to achieve the future goals. The new litany and social causes will have changed to coincide with the new myth (Inayatullah, 2009).

Explain and evaluate Hume's ideas on causation Essay

Explain and evaluate Hume's ideas on causation - Essay Example 48). Zubiri’s philosophy concurred with the thought of Hume in that problems faced cannot be solved with the same level of thinking when these problems were created. Hume believes that it is important to go deeper in order to comprehend and examine human intelligence on the same. Apparently, Hume is more concerned when people fail to examine causes adequately in order to perceive the metaphysical conclusions regarding the universe (Demeter, Murphy and Zittel, 2014, p. 324). However, this conclusion may seem skeptical since he does not recognize that functionality is related to the correctness of impression, not its content. Basically, Hume considers causality to play an important role in both in moral building and personal sphere. Hume has problem with scientific evidence. He asks whether these evidences stretch to the brink to be considered good evidence. According to Hume, there is a need to justify and rationalize on the evidence presented in order to belief about the things of the universe especially when these evidences are unobservable presented (Schmitt, 2014, p. 140). For example, one may have different variety of berries in a basket. After sampling of one type of berries in the basket, of which they have similar taste, then we conclude that all berries in the basket have the same taste. The first case is an inductive generalization in the perspective that all the members of a particular class are similar through observation. Two, there is an inductive prediction where the idea of same flavor of the berries is based on the assumption of the preceding observation, and three, there is casual generalization where Hume assumes that there is no way of determining the unseen power of some things. The significant of this problem to science is that, science tends to belief that whatever is happening in the universe is based on induction. The objection thus is science methods are just but mere superstitions

Internet Banking Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Internet Banking - Assignment Example Internet banking is offered today by all leading banks in UK, though the extent of usage and the features offered by the banks vary and is limited. Internet is available at more than 42% of the homes in UK in 2002 (National Statistics, 2002). Internet is now being used by more than 50% of the population in the UK from their home and they are connected reasonably high speeds of connectivity which enables them to make use of any of the currently available service on the net. Internet banking however has not been adopted by about 30% of the customers to a larger extent. While most of the people make use of the internet banking to look up their balances and to see whether the expected credit or debit has taken place. This avoids may be a walk down to the bank or possibly a call to know the status of the account. Most of the banking customers do not use internet banking for money transfers on large scale. Still they believe on old instruments like the cheques or the other standing instruc tions though they are getting implemented using electronic means more and more. It is also true still that most people access internet to access their emails and of course do some shopping. In UK 70% of the people use it for email and for seeking information on products and services; while 60% come in only to do general browsing. The number of people using internet for banking is pretty limited. Paying or purchasing over the internet which would also be using services of the bank is around 38% of the adults. The adult group itself is about 55% of all adults who are in UK who really access the internet. Out of the population this is still a minority since most of the young between 14 and 20 years access the internet much more widely than the rest of the groups. Interactive systems are a fusion of People, Activities, Contexts and Technologies (David Benyon et al, Nov 2004). The usage spread in UK also indicates the design of the internet and the sites thereof, are dependent on the psychology of the human beings using the same. This is naturally, dependent on the age of the user and on the aims of the user. That is why, we find more people using it for emails in the case of adults whereas among the younger lot, we find that the usage is more towards education and other browsing activities. The Interactive systems need to necessarily take care of this variation in interest and should also keep in mind the adult concepts of security which is primary for internet banking exercises. Usage issues in Internet Banking Most of the banking sites are pretty secure at 128 bit encryption. They are also designed in line with the principles of interactive design. Most of the sites do not go beyond the 4 colors doctrine which is recommended for usage in any web site. By using up to a maximum of four colors, the site is easier to read or work on and do not cause any irritation to the user. Internet banking continues to be a query point where people tend to go and check their balances and possible credits or debits only. Transactions are not happening as expected though it is easier to do over the net. Some of the issues that are faced by the customers include: 1. Comfort of use for lay men. Human centered