Multiculturalism and Pluralism in Secular Society

Question: Examine about the Multiculturalism and Pluralism in Secular Society. Answer: Just republic implies a nation that is both a vote based system and a republic. In straightforward words, it implies a nation wherein the forces and authority of the legislature is gotten from the residents of the nation itself, and wherein the administration itself is worked through the chosen officials. Nations that connote themselves as a fair republic recommend that their kin have an administration that is responsible to every one of them. Moreover, it likewise implies that each individuals (grown-up) in such a nation have an option to cast a ballot in the races independent of any belief, rank, sex, riches, religion, and so forth. Furthermore, a vote based republic nation has unlimited access to media, for example, web, papers, magazines, other political and social liberties, and a capable government in general (Roald, 2009). In the present situation, a vote based system is agent as usual and not immediate. At the end of the day, individuals in a law based republic nation pick th eir administrators to work the legislature and move laws for them, rather than casting a ballot straightforwardly on the laws. The arrangement of balanced governance is viewed as a vital piece of the Constitution. With such a framework, every one of the three appendages of the administration official, authoritative, and legal executive can limit the forces of the others, in this manner encouraging in ensuring balanced governance in between these. It is remarkable that the Constitution has apportioned restricted forces to these branches so one can't get more grounded than the other can, and effectiveness of work is set up. The technique of law development is a genuine case of how the Constitution ensures governing rules at work. Right off the bat, the authoritative branch starts and decisions on a specific bill that is sent to the official branch wherein the President has the ability to choose whether the particular bill is advantageous for the nation or not. In the event that the person in question is fulfilled upon the bills viability, at that point it is marked and thus turns into a law (Pauline, 2010). On the off chance that the President is uncertain of the bills adequacy, at that point it isn't marked, and henceforth referable as a veto. As opposed to this, the authoritative branch can increase a further possibility and it can outperform the choice of the President, simply in the wake of getting the most extreme number of votes in favor. Henceforth, the bill can turn into a law by both official and administrative branches. Moreover, when such a law is built up, the legal executive branch takes co ntrol wherein the individuals can look at the law by means of the court framework. In the event that the individuals restrict such a law, they can document claim, and the legal counselors can introduce contentions for and against the issue. Nonetheless, the appointed authority chooses a definitive result and the losing gathering can additionally speak to a more significant position authority. All things considered, if the authoritative branch doesn't line up with the choice of the legal branch, another enactment can be introduced, in this manner beginning the system by and by. Recommendation 209 is even named as the California Civil Rights InitiativeorCCRI. It is a California voting form recommendation that upon the endorsement in the year 1996 adjusted the constitution to dispose of state government foundations from thought of race, sex or ethnicity significantly concerning the zone of open work, contracting and instruction of individuals. The fundamental issue sprung up in 1996 when the U.S District Judge put a limitation on the implementation of the recommendation. The decision was upset by three appointed authority board. Also, Proposition 209 has been the central reason for countless claim in the state court since the suggestion has been the reason for lawful investigation throughout the years (UCLA, 2016). Multiculturalism and pluralism clear advantageous paths for the presence of different societies in a specific culture and in light of globalization; this has improved social assorted variety in different work environments. For example, minimal effort and simplicity of movement has encouraged in creating social decent variety in the general public (Roald, 2009). The American authoritative Exchange Council (ALEC) fills in as a voice for extraordinary interests in America (state assemblies). The legal counselors, lobbyists, corporate staff, along with the part officials of the ALEC get ready anteroom for and shields section of a wide development of different bills to support corporate interests. The individuals who languished turn around segregation over them the importance of contradiction infers solid difference from a specific subject. It implies holding a conclusion that differs in contrast with the official idea of the definition. Consequently, a wide contrast is watched. Individuals seeking after world class interests get more prominent impact on the open approaches in contrast with individuals with minority interests. Moreover, wherein residents accomplished their ideal arrangement result, it was a direct result of the impact of elites rather than minorities. While distributive equity implies equivalent appropriation of damage and addition, compensatory equity is out and out not quite the same as this. According to oppressed gatherings, this equity recommends thought from a moral perspective whether they really merit this impact and whether they are to be redressed (Roald, 2009). Partially blind society implies the gathering of individuals who ignores racial characteristics while choosing which people will enjoy a movement or accomplish an assistance. In basic words, this general public places the best methodology to end segregation by regarding them as similarly as could be expected under the circumstances. There are different sort of reviews like the money related review, operational review, follow up review, coordinated review, and so on. Monetary review it is authentic in nature have an autonomous appraisal finished with a point of clinging to the reasonableness, exactness and dependable nature of the money related information. Operational Audit this review depends on future forecast and subsequently, a free appraisal of the authoritative exercises can be imagined. Here, there is a chance of utilizing the monetary information however the primary wellsprings of proof incorporate strategies of activities and different tourist spots that is connected to the destinations of the association (Drury, 2011). Incorporated review it is a converge of an operational review, audit of the division and the coordinated framework. Such an appraisal accommodates an all around characterized assessment of the primary activity inside the college. Follow up Audit This review happens following a range of a half year and occurs after the report of inward or outer review has been given. It is figured to find out significant move that has been made on the issues announced in the primary report. The conventional technique for bookkeeping in the open area relates to the designation of assembling overhead expenses to the production of the item. The customary strategy is named as the regular technique that appoint or allot the aberrant expense of the industrial facility to the things that are fabricated on the volume premise like the creation of units, direct work hours, and so forth (Drury, 2011). By using the machine hours to apportion the overhead of assembling to items it infers that the machine hours are the primary factor for the plant overhead. In a universal way, this training is appropriate for the open division and is followed for quite a while. A spending game is a game intended to cover territories, for example, month to month financial plan, assessment of money related plans, and so on the principle objective is to make a way that weight on different exercises and checking turns out to be simple. Spending game aides in knowing the regions that needs legitimate consideration. This game aides in appropriate arranging and can be trailed by association to satisfy its destinations. Spending hypothesis can be characterized as an approach to quantify and change designs that is intended for the use of physical assets into monetary qualities. It is the primary demonstration of including the amounts that joins into an all around characterized financial condition. The financial worth is characterized regarding fiscal worth. Planning practice helps in the money work as it overcomes any issues between the arranging and control procedure of the administration (Horngren, 2011). The act of planning is firmly connected to arranging. It anticipates the articulation in money related ways that relates to an association and aides in satisfaction of goals. The essential point of planning is to plan and conjecture that will empower the association in meeting the targets. The two significant destinations of planning are: Arranging Arranging is the sole point of planning and administrators are expected to give an itemized arrangement so long haul plans can be satisfied and key plans figured. The yearly procedure of planning impacts chiefs to take a stab at tasks that relates to future, channel the key plans that are existing in nature and think about instrument of how to get ready for future situations (Drury, 2011). This empowers the administrators to conjecture the issue and aides in productive dynamic. Coordination The fundamental point of planning is to encourage and give a decent activity that relates to various pieces of the association. It encourages the chiefs to investigate the connection between the different pieces of the association. Besides, it helps in dynamic and disposing of contentions (Drury, 2011). It helps the supervisors in settling on a brief choice that goes for the association. References Drury, C. (2011).Cost and the executives bookkeeping. Andover, Hampshire, UK: South-Western Cengage Learning. Horngren, C. (2011). Cost bookkeeping. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: Pearson Australia. Pauline, M.(2010).Ratification: The People Debate the Constitution. New York: Simon Schuste Roald, A.S. (2009). Multiculturalism and Pluralism in Secular Society: Individual or Collective Rights?. Recovered November 4, 2016 from https://dspace.mah.se/bitstream/handle/2043/12626/multiculturalism_roald.pdf?sequence=2 UCLA. (2016). The Impact of Proposition 209 and our Duty to our st

General Psychology and the Study of Human Behavior Essay

Brain research is the investigation of the human conduct particularly how the psyche of the people functions. For a long time, the conduct of individuals has been concentrated by a lot of researchers and they have thought of a lot of reasons regarding why individuals carry on in such a way. Be that as it may, as an understudy my principle desire is to turn into a medication and liquor advisor. In this manner, this class of general brain science has helped me in building my vocation especially because of the course content worth. Variety is one of the most clear qualities of human conduct. An individual’s consistently life is set apart by an extensive vacillation in pretty much every part of conduct, for example, the knowledge he radiates, the speed with which he moves, his demeanor of feelings, objectives he seeks after, humor, vitality, tension, timidity, among others. Indeed, even the most clever of human people have common musings more often than not as they also are gone up against with the ordinary exercises like picking the correct method of dressing, brushing toward the beginning of the day and doing typical exchanges. There is adequate proof towards the way that one of the most striking highlights of a child’s conduct is its dynamic part of the flood of conduct recorded consistently (Barker, 1968). Any person with no information on brain research appreciate this element of human variety from their perception and experience. Be that as it may, this isn't conspicuous in logical brain research. The worry of logical brain research is another component of conduct inconstancy with accentuation on singular contrasts. This is a significant advance in brain science that regardless of the varieties that happen inside each individual’s conduct, the techniques for estimating and distinguishing singular conduct constants have been formulated. Logical psychology’s concern is with the fluctuated number of constants estimated and how they relate with one another. There is anyway a trouble in accomplishing a steady conduct estimation. For the dependability of conduct estimation to be accomplished, their must be a burden of stable estimation upon the individual, land similar conditions must be reintroduced each time the estimation is being rehashed. The work of this technique offers proportions of individual constancies under specific conditions however ends singular varieties under changed conditions along these lines decimating the such settings of conduct that happen normally. This issue isn't anyway novel to brain science. A beam’s quality can be estimated under given explicit conditions and under this very condition each time the estimation is being completed. In any case, contingent upon the auxiliary setting, a shaft has numerous qualities. This is likewise valid for the significance of words since words also have a scope of importance, the genuine one being dictated by the setting in which it has been utilized. With this respect, an individual resembles a pillar or a word, having numerous qualities, insights, moralities, paces and social developments. In any case, it is clear where this intra-singular conduct variety originates from. An individual’s conduct is both inside and remotely associated, however in a confounded way. The inner pieces of an individual, for example, the neurons, hormones or muscles and the outside setting, for example, the class, field or the game he is playing has a mind boggling association. The mental person who peruses a book, plays some game and strolls on some street acts like a recognizable substance between the inside parts and the outside settings that are unsteady, being connected to both the elements, yet significantly isolated from them. This detachment rises up out of the way that the inside parts and the outside settings of an individual includes a substance that capacities as per laws that are not equivalent to those that oversee his conduct (Cromwell-Davis, 2008). Such things like the activities of the mind, compression of muscles and the convergence of hormones are not mental wonders. With the present condition of comprehension, the activity of such wonders include laws that are not perfect with that of brain research. The equivalent applies to nature with which an individual works. The school or class where an individual is an understudy, the library he considers and the street he strolls works as indicated by laws that are remote as to that administer his conduct as a person. The outer setting includes what has been alluded to as the molar biological condition which incorporates those marvels that happens normally outside a people skin with which his molar activities are fused however work as per laws that are contrary with those laws that directs his molar conduct (Baker, 1965). There is a contrast between the mental and natural condition. One of the fascinating parts of human conduct is the course it takes when various factors are presented inside nature. In the investigation beneath, conduct of individual was seen as to the separation among them and other human subjects. Hypothesis Statement An individual’s method of conduct is directed by the separation among him and different subjects. As indicated by Adam Kendon, each human conduct is found (Kendon 1990, p. 210). Human conduct happens inside a given space which has items and individuals whereupon the conduct is coordinated. The space and what it contains then again impacts the conduct of a person. The space involved and kept up by an individual’s conduct can in this regard be named as the value-based space. The value-based space between two people impacts their conduct. Examination In the accompanying analysis, an examination was led to explore the degree to which value-based space impacts the conduct of people in school. The agent strolled through the school in various zones where various exercises were being completed. The activity took three hours and discoveries were recorded. The examination was directed in the grounds park in view of the assorted variety of movement and human connections that happens in it. Philosophy Since the examination included the investigation of conduct in up close and personal cooperation, a significant issue experienced was the way to characterize the basic units where the subjects were composed. Specifically, it got hard to outline the particular units of collaboration with respect to the association of detectable conduct into their segments for examination. Nonetheless, the perceptions were made haphazardly with neither of the subjects mindful of the investigations. All things considered, the experimenter strolled starting with one point then onto the next, taking a gander at the gathering arrangement and recognizing people who didn't have any organization. The conduct which was recorded included eye center, body development and the level of commitment in a specific activity. Specifically, the response of the subjects were watched at whatever point the experimenter moved toward an individual or a gathering of people. In all the cases, the experimenter didn't connect wit h the subjects in any type of discussion. Perceptions and results Conduct of people was changed relying upon the movement and whether one was separated from everyone else or in gatherings. Among the people who were distant from everyone else, there appeared to be a retention with either something that was going on around them or an ingestion with an action that they were associated with. They likewise appeared to respond at whatever point an individual came surprisingly close to their value-based space. Of the remarkable practices, five out of six subjects took a gander at the person who came extremely close to their value-based space. Among gatherings of people, there was a variety in conduct with respect to the number. In a gathering of two, the subjects occupied with discussion with groundbreaking eye to eye connection. At whatever point one went inside a separation of three meters, they all turned and relying upon the conduct or sexual orientation of the individual, some reacted with either welcoming the individual or looked quickly and proceeded with their discussion. The last occasion was uncommon with gatherings of at least three. Conversation A conduct setting is made out of at least one standing examples of conduct. There are various examples of conduct that have been perceived, for example, a molar unit or gathering action. This is a limited example in all encompassing human conduct. It is along these lines a discrete conduct unit with organizes which are univocal inside reality. In that capacity, a standing example of conduct can't be supposed to be a character of the subjects in question but instead, it is a marvel outside the person with exceptional qualities which remain at whatever point there is an adjustment of the members. One evident thing among the subjects watched is that their conduct concerning responding to an individual going inside their value-based space is reliant among different components which may not be available to the experimenter as human conduct is gotten from both outer and inward conditions. All things considered, each recognizable conduct showed by an individual has different roots despite the fact that conduct can be anticipated somewhat. The principal thing that the course has assisted with comprehension comparable to medication and liquor is the various terms that are utilized when advising an individual. This are the general terms that are utilized when directing a patient. For instance, it isn't acceptable to utilize terms like â€Å"you are wrong,† â€Å"you don't know† or â€Å"you are foolish.† The course has assisted with learning the new terms that I will utilize like, â€Å"instead of saying you are wrong,† you can say, â€Å"that is another acceptable reason.† Additionally, it has helped us to become familiar with the tone of language that will be utilized. When advising a patient, one ought to consistently be quiet and consistently be certain about what the patient is feeling and thinking. It is likewise in this unit of general brain science that we ha

Brazil and United States Healthcare Essay Example for Free

Brazil and United States Healthcare Essay Theoretical The subject of human services has become the most squeezing and continuous discussions for the United States as well as numerous different countries around the globe. Numerous nations have actualized an all inclusive wellbeing inclusion for a considerable length of time with successful outcomes. While the United States ventures into a youthful national human services program, the legislature can watch Brazil’s medicinal services framework to learn important exercises. The kind of social insurance framework a nation picks majorly affects the country’s medicinal services experts. While contrasting the human services experts of the United States and Brazil, numerous similitudes can be seen; notwithstanding, the United States can take in numerous exercises from Brazil. A Comparative Analysis of Health Care Professionals in Brazil to Those in the United States The most recent theme in the United States today, is the subject of medicinal services change in the United States. With the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) maintained by the Supreme Court in 2012, Americans wherever have framed a sentiment about the new national medicinal services systemâ€most conclusions seeing the national framework as negative. In any case, a few created countries like the United States have participated in a national medicinal services framework for a considerable length of time. The enormous country of Brazil has used a national wellbeing framework since 1923, and has seen the two positives and negatives. Numerous Americans see the flexibly and request of social insurance experts as a potential danger to the fate of the ACA and the United States as a wholeâ€a clear issue that has influenced Brazil. In Brazil, medicinal services is seen as a sacred right being offered by private and government associations and is a commitment of the state. Through the Unified Health System (SUS), general medicinal services is all inclusive and given gratis to all Brazilian perpetual occupants. Notwithstanding the United Health System, Brazilians likewise have private based medical coverage inclusion which the wealthier populace can generally buy, and Brazilians can be offered healthâ coverage by their individual bosses if accessible. Starting at 2003, 174.6 million Brazilian inhabitants getting profits by the SUS were archived. Of the 174.6 million, 475,699 medicinal services experts existed inside Brazilian human services. In 2012, the complete level of GDP spent on wellbeing consumption in Brazil was at a four-year high of 9.3%. In any case, Brazil’s wellbeing consumption is far lower than the United States wellbeing use that spent an aggregate of 17.9% in 2012. In Brazil the normal future has been on the ascent since 2000. In 2010, normal Brazilian future was accounted for at 73.5 years with a future for men at 69.7 and for ladies at 77.3. The newborn child death rate in Brazil has been diminishing throughout the years, yet is as yet thought to be high for a created country. Maternal death rate in Brazil is additionally diminishing in years and would be viewed as normal contrasted with different nations. While trying to improve the national human services framework in Brazil, the Brazilian government set up the â€Å"Mais Medicos† program, or more specialists program, in 2013. The venture was intended to make near 1,000 occupations for doctors to watch out for patients in the 22 expresses that have less specialists than the national averageâ€most of the states lying in the Northern district of the country. Notwithstanding their pay rates, specialists are given money related guide to cover lodging and food per regions of the legislature. The program will utilize doctors briefly while the Brazilian government hopes to build participation to Brazilian clinical schools over a short measure of time by offering considerable measures of budgetary guide and expanding uses on clinical school grants. Initially, the program was offered to Brazilian occupant specialists just trying to bring specialists from the more populated and urban regions to the provincial and less populated zones. At the point when scarcely any private specialists applied, the Brazilian government stretched out Mais Medicos to Brazilian specialists who got their instruction abroad and remote specialists. Before applying, it was recommended that candidates ought to have a general comprehension of the Portuguese language so as to be acknowledged into the program. Toward the finish of the application procedure, almost 20,000 specialists had submitted applications with recorded inclinations of the urban communities that they wish to work in. Specialists engaged with the program are required to work 40 hours every week for a long time and may work no longer than 6 years in the program. The doctors acknowledged into the Mais Medicos program get 10,000 Brazilian Reals (a proportionate to $4,501 US dollars) every month to spend on lodging and necessities. During 2013, Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff imported almost 11,000 Cuban doctors to serve in the program. Cuban doctors were to serve comparable hours, however their compensations would be sent to the Cuban government who might disseminate 40%-half of the profit to the doctors working in Brazil. This trade has been a progressing banter between the clinical network of Brazil and its legislature. The advantages recorded above are viewed as advantageous to doctors. The future, newborn child death rate, and maternal death rate are all at a decent standing contrasted with late ages in Brazil; hence, the doctors having these qualities as a resume theme shows that they were a piece of a â€Å"change† in Brazil. Despite the fact that the Mais Medicos program appears to have a few blemishes and a clear gathering that objects to it, it likewise is seen by numerous individuals to do well for the human services framework in Brazil and has numerous supporters. The normal issue in Brazil for medicinal services experts is by all accounts an absence of dispersion of specialists into the more rustic regions of the nation. On normal in Brazil, there are just 2 medical clinic beds for every 1,000 individuals. In the northern locales of Brazil, where progressively country zones are discovered, the measure of emergency clinics per inhabitant is lower than the normal. Much like in the United States, specialists are hesitant to the idea of starting a traini ng in a little country town. Reasons being that little provincial towns are generally less populated and on normal acquire less family unit salary. In Brazil, rehearsing medication in these discouraged territories is even less alluring in light of the administration inclusion in medicinal services. In these territories, rehearses get less consideration including absence of provisions and foundation. Doctors situated inside wealthier and progressively crowded territories have marginally better access to hardware and framework, however the conditions vary just somewhat. Specialists are amazingly hurried with a steady flood of patients and reliably working in hot rooms with little air flow. This is issue doesn't just exist in the open facilities of general doctors. Pro doctors have a steady surge of patients who needn't bother with a specialist’s care, however look for the authority on the grounds that there is no broad doctor accessible. Another test that Brazil’s doctors face is the finished nonattendance of electronic wellbeing records (EHRs). Albeit electronic wellbeing records can be troublesome andâ costly to execute, the advantages of them to a wellbeing framework that needs foundation can be amazing. EHRs improve quality, comfort, care coordination, practice efficiencies, and cost efficiencies. Executing electronic wellbeing records would improve the nature of Brazil’s doctors workplace. The last test Brazil doctors face is the presence of defilement inside the framework. One model incorporates Brazil’s wealthier populace paying doctors off the books to treat them before others. While a few patients are in critical need of an activity or treatment, a wealthier patient has the chance to offer the doctor a measure of cash that will influence the doctor to treat their circumstance before othersâ€even however the others have been holding up an all-inclusive measure of time. Sadly, these kinds of circumstances are not unlawful in Brazil; in this manner, it happens regularly. In the United States, human services has as of late been given as â€Å"universal coverage†. It is a progressing discussion to whether medicinal services in America is a privilege or a benefit. The United States has consistently offered free wellbeing inclusion to the older and the poorâ€paid for by citizens. In 2010, Medicare and Medicaid secured in any event 112,979,783. Notwithstanding Medicare and Medicaid, a large portion of the American populace has decided to get manager based wellbeing inclusion. The quantity of Americans with boss based wellbeing inclusion, be that as it may, has been declining since the conversation of the Affordable Care Act. Since the Affordable Care Act has come to fruition, more than 8 million individuals have pursued inclusion with 87% of the recently guaranteed being beforehand uninsured. In 2012, the World Bank announced that there were 2.5 doctors per 1,000 individuals. In 2012, the complete level of GDP spent on wellbeing consumption in the United States was at a 17.9%. This all out is far more noteworthy than the measure of GDP spent on wellbeing consumption in Brazil. In the United States the normal future has consistently expanded over ages. The future detailed in 2012 was 78.7 years. Despite the fact that it would regularly be a slight age distinction, it is a mind boggling hole for future with Brazil at 73.5. The newborn child death rate in the United States has been consistent over late years at 6 passings for each 1,000 births. Maternal death rate is essentially lower in the U.S. than Brazil with Brazil at 69 passings for every 100,000 births and the United States at 28 passings for each 100,000 births. By and large, physiciansâ working in the United States would have a more prominent expert favorable position over the individuals who practice in B

What to Look For in Custom Essay Writing Services

What to Look For in Custom Essay Writing ServicesCustom essay writing services are all about delivering customized written assignments that allow a student to stand out in his or her class. It can be difficult for a student to do well on an assignment unless he or she can provide the assignment to a high standard.It is always a good idea to hire a company that has the right expertise to do this for you. The best way to do this is by looking for the various options that are available in this field. This article will give you a little insight into the different types of services that are available for custom essay writing.You will notice that these companies do have a number of different levels of services. Some of these companies actually offer custom essay writing for teachers as well as students. There are also some companies that are dedicated entirely to the needs of businesses. Some of these companies are not even in the business of custom essay writing but can provide you with a n evaluation of your essay.Other companies offer customized essay writing services to students who are working on their college applications. These companies also help them formulate their essays that they can use in their college applications. In most cases these types of essays are required, and therefore you should get a professional to write it for you.The highest level of the company, you can use will be one that is dedicated to high standards. These companies will write your essay so that it stands out as the best and in the best interest of the company. They will not accept any writing that is not high quality.If you are a business person and you are looking for essay writing services, you will want to take your time to get the right one. You will want to make sure that you use one that will create a very high standard of writing. Your essays need to be flawlessto show that you are serious about your business and are someone who has been in the business for quite some time.Wh ile you may want to write your own essay, this is a very difficult task because you cannot get all of the facts in order to come up with a unique project. Instead you will want to work with a professional that has years of experience doing this. This is the only way to be able to ensure that your essay is perfect.Essay writing services are for people who are looking to be successful in their business. They are writers who have a lot of experience in writing. Make sure that you make use of a service that has the highest level of custom essay writing skills available.

Thomas Jefferson and the Tripoli Pirates book review - Free Essay Example

Thomas Jefferson and the Tripoli Pirates is primarily about land and sea battles, as it introduces events of the First Barbary War. Post Revolutionary War, when the United States was a young nation still trying to establish itself. America was at peace until 1785, when pirates from the coast of North Africa began capturing U.S. merchant ships and enslaving their crews. In July 1785, the US merchant ship Dauphin was sailing the Mediterranean, its crew thinking that it was on friendly seas because the U.S.A. was at peace with all surrounding nations. Captain Richard OBrien was shocked when he realized that a ship that had pulled up alongside them wasnt merely trying to communicate†instead, the crew swung aboard the Dauphin in a surprise attack with daggers and swords drawn. The crew were captured, stripped of hat, shirt, handkerchief. They were exposed to the sun and elements for about a week before arriving in Algiers where they were paraded thru the streets. They were enslaved and held captive for ten years. The Mediterranean bordered the Ottoman Empire, American merchants depended on trade with the nations along the coast. The tributes (bribes/ransoms) demanded by the Muslim nations to ensure the safety of U.S. ships were exploitative and liable to increase without warning. During their successive presidencies, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson faced the problem with different views. Adams favored diplomacy w/tribute payments, Jefferson preferred a show of force or even war. The enslaved sailors were released a decade later, the U.S. was struggling to gather the tributes required to satisfy the Barbary nations constantly increasing demands. In 1799, the George Washington delivered an unsatisfactory tribute to Algiers and in return, its crew was forced to ferry an Algerian entourage to Constantinople. When Jefferson became president in 1801, tensions were high enough that he sent the U.S. Navys first flotilla to the Mediterranean in an att empt to keep the peace. During this time, the Bashaw of Tripoli declared war against the United States. During the next four years, the US Navy fought battles at sea, blockaded enemy harbors, endured the capture and enslavement of the Philadelphia crew, and finally launched a plan to take Derne, Benghazi, and Tripoli by land and overthrow Yusuf Qaramanli. Only Derne fell, as Tobias Lear stepped in with a treaty and ransom that appeased Bashaw Yusuf and secured the prisoners release. Thomas Jefferson was acting as minister to France and John Adams as ambassador to London. The two met to discuss the situation, also meeting with Tripolis London Ambassador, Sidi Haji Abdrahaman. According to his muslim holy book the Quran, he explained all nations which had not acknowledge the prophet were sinners,whom it was the right and duty of the faithful to plunder and enslave. Islamic pirates saw no wrongdoing in plundering their ships although, they would stop if the U.S. paid an annual tribute to each of the Barbary Nations. The U.S. didnt have that kind of money, and they didnt want to pay ransoms. They also couldnt afford to stop trade in the Mediterranean. Adams wanted to negotiate, Jefferson wanted to use force. By 1789, they had both returned to the United States with the conflict unresolved. Jefferson was appointed Secretary of State by George Washington. He used his new position to petition Congress on behalf of the men enslaved in Algiers. President Washington authorized the Act to Provide a Naval Armament In 1794, providing for six new frigates. William Bainbridge captained the USS George Washington as it sailed the Mediterranean for the first time. He met a nervous Consul OBrien at the dock; nervous because OBrien knew that impatience had increased the demands of the Dey of Algiers. The Dey was not appeased by the size of the tribute the USS George Washington carried, and he insisted the ship and its crew must complete the payment themselves. They would do this by sailing the ship to Constantinople carrying the Algerian ambassador, his entourage, and Algiers tribute to the Ottoman Empire. Bainbridge had no option but to comply, following custom, he had allowed the Captain of the Algiers port to steer his ship into the harbor conveniently, the Algerian Captain had anchored the ship in the fortress guns line of fire. Frustrated and embarrassed, Bainbridge and his crew hoisted the Algerian flag and ferried the ambassadors crew and their heavy tribute of slaves and animals to Constantinople, redirecting the ship toward Mecca five times a day for prayers along the way. The Bashaw declared war against the United States on May 11, 1801. Bashaw Yusufs Declaration occurred in the same month as President Jeffersons proposal to his cabinet to do the same. A few days after the declaration, a squad of Algerian soldiers made an attempted show of chopping down the flagpole at the US consulate which resulted in more of a comedy than a dramatic act of war, since the pole proved strong enough to withstand hours of hacking and chopping at its base. The first flotilla of four ships was finished and ready to sail by June of 1801. The ships were the President, the Philadelphia, the Essex, and the Enterprise. The captains were Commodore Richard Dale, Samuel Barron, William Bainbridge, and Lieutenant Andrew Sterett, respectively. Members of the US Marine Corps sailed with the crews to act as a line of hand-to-hand defense†all were under orders to shoot or fight in defense only. On August 1, 1801, the Enterprise left the Tripoli harbor on a run to Malta for provisions. On the way, Lieutenant Sterett spotted a pirate ship, the Tripoli, and decided to approach under a British flag. When they came together, the pirate captain freely admitted that they were look ing for Americans. The Enterprise crew raised the American flag and fired, and an intense battle ensued†the first of the Barbary War. Though the crew of the Tripoli tried to trick their opponents with not one, not two, but three false surrenders, the bloody fighting ended in the Americans favor. The Tripolitan suffered thirty dead, another thirty wounded, and a ship so incapacitated that it could barely sail back to port. The battle gave US Congress a potential push toward allowing President Jefferson to declare war. After ending the Tripoli blockade in September, Captain Dale returned to Gibraltar and was informed that Admiral Rais and his men had abandoned their ships and escaped by land. The President ran aground and had to dock in France for the winter for repairs. Dale had fallen ill. The Senate took their time approving President Jeffersons request for use of force. Jefferson could not declare all-out war, but he could increase the size of the navy, signing into law An Act for the protectio n of the Commerce And Seamen of the United States, against Tripolitan Corsairs. President Jefferson appointed Richard Valentine Morris to command the next fleet that would sail across the Atlantic. Captain Morris had proven himself battles with the French. Now, married, his wife requested to sail with him. This proved to be a distraction, Morris gave more attention to socializing in friendly ports than to those where his orders directed him. Corsairs captured the Franklin, a merchant ship, and evaded the blockade again to return their hostages to Tripoli. It took a ransom of $5,000 to release the prisoners. Morriss slow progress finally led him to Tripoli in May of 1803, but he didnt see much action before being relieved of duty in July after Eaton returned to the United States and reported on him. Morris had to face a court-martial that ended in his dismissal from the navy. President Jefferson was frustrated because nearly two years had passed with nothing to show for it. Edward Preble was Captain Morriss replacement, and he set sail on the USS Constitution on August 12, 1803, with Colonel and Mrs. Tobias Lear on board (and without his own wife). Lear was slated to replace OBrien as consul general to Algiers. Captain Preble had discretion to act as he saw fit, and better warships to serve him, including the Vixen and the Syren. When he arrived in Gibraltar he learned that United States relations with Morocco Were also on the decline, so he sailed first to Tangier Harbor to make a show of strength. Preble and Lear went ashore to find the Sultan sufficiently intimidated and apologetic. He recanted his threats and promised to uphold the 1786 peace treaty between Morocco and the United States. While Preble was making his first moves along the Barbary Coast, the USS Philadelphia was maintaining a blockade of the Tripoli Harbor. On October 31, 1803, they gave chase to a Tripolitan ship but ran aground less than two miles from shore. Captain Bainbridge ordered the crew to dump most of its guns and cannons into the water to lighten the ship and lift free of the rock they were stuck on; in the meantime, nine Tripolitan warships surrounded them. Feeling he had no other choice, Bainbridge surrendered, burning any information that might have been useful to the enemy. He and the crew of 306 were taken ashore as captives. The crew was kept in miserable conditions and put to work, while the officers had a somewhat easier time in the empty consulate building. Dale was comforted that at least the ship would be useless to Tripoli, but after a gale loosed it from its rock, the imprisoned Americans were forced to repair it. After he dropped off the Lears in Algiers, Captain Preble directed his ship toward Tripoli. However, learning about the Philadelphia situation, he stopped in Malta to read Bainbridges letters along the way. He decided the Constitution and the Enterprise, captained by Stephen Decatur Jr., would sail in tand em to Tripoli to reinstate a blockade. President Jefferson had no good news until he learned about the Intrepid and the Philadelphia in March of 1804. Another attempt was made at seeking a truce. Preble waged one largely successful battle in the Tripoli Harbor and two relatively unsuccessful bombardment attempts, all during the month of August. On September 3, he sent the Intrepid back into the harbor under cover of darkness, helmed by Captain Richard Somers and stuffed with gunpowder and explosives. It was intended to get close enough to ship or shore to bomb them, but the ship had barely crossed into the harbor when the powder was set off†none of the crew escaped the explosion, and no harm was done to Tripolitan Property. During their voyage across the Atlantic Ocean, Eaton convinced Commodore Barron to support his plan to ally with Hamet Qaramanli. Barron committed a ship to Eaton to search for the exiled prince in Egypt. Egypt was in a state of political instability, and Eaton was hesitantly welcomed by the Egyptian Viceroy in Cairo. Appealing to commonalities between Christianity and Islam, Eaton sought his approval and assistance in the plan to find Hamet and overthrow Yusuf. The viceroy sent word out to his contacts and Hamet was found on January 3, 1805. Reunited, Eaton and Hamet drew up a treaty stating that the United States Would provide funds and equipment to restore Hamet to the throne if, in exchange, he would release all the Philadelphia prisoners and turn ov er Bashaw Yusuf and Admiral Rais to the United States when he came to power. Eaton, Hamet, and their army, composed of ten Americans, ninety Tripolitans, and a few hundred Arab and Greek mercenaries, set forth from Alexandria on March 6, 1805. On April 23 the troops arrived at Derne; a truce was offered and rejected. Four days later, the traveling army launched its attack on the city with the help of warships that had posted up in the harbor. Derne fell in only two and a half hours. The Americans and Greeks suffered minimal casualties (fourteen), while Hamlets party and the Arabs lost hundreds of men. Consul Lear seized the chance to show off his diplomatic authority and broker a peace deal with Bashaw Yusuf, wherein the United States paid $60,000 for the Philadelphia prisoners release on June 3, 1805. Yusuf won out in this deal intimidated by the attack that had been waged on Dearne, he would have been willing to release the prisoners for free. Lear had betrayed Eatons plan and Hamets trust in the deal. While Eaton and Hamets army still held Derne, Eaton sent requests for supplies and reinforcement, but instead received news of the peace accord that required him to relinquish his spoils and give up his plan. After news of the treaty arrived, the Americans in Derne left in secret, bringing only Hamet along and abandoning the rest of the Arabs who had supported them to deal with the aftermath. In June, the US Senate ratifi ed Lears treaty, although they disapproved of his rashness in making it. President Jefferson was relieved when he learned about the treaty and the release of the US prisoners from Tripoli. In mid-September 1805, Captain Bainbridge and 117 men from the crew of the Philadelphia were received back in the United States with fanfare, awards, and honors. The conclusion of the First Barbary War was not considered a complete victory, but it had achieved decent results and helped the Navy gain the necessary experience to fight the British In the War of 1812. Jefferson and Adams, who began as friends before they were rivals, eventually resolved their differences before dying, both on the same day: July 4, 1826 (the fiftieth anniversary of the ratification of the US Constitution). I found this book to be very informative, though it seemed written with a bias that I am in tune with. I couldnt help notice these attacks came from religious extremists, the first attacks against our new nation, and Americas first involvement in coupes. *Fun fact Leatherneck is a military slang term for a member of the United States Marine Corps, or of the British Royal Marines.[1] It is generally bel ieved to originate in the wearing of a leather stock or collar around the neck, which kept the posture erect, but this is not the case. It was from a leather collar worn to prevent the Mohammedan cutlass from slashing the throats of U.S. Marines during the Barbary wars.

New Yale Application

New Yale Application November 10 Bev Taylor, Founder of Ivy Coach, has been featured in an article of Yales newspaper on the Universal College Application. Bev Taylor, Founder of Ivy Coach, has been quoted in the newspaper of Yale University in an article entitled Yale considers new application platform written by Tyler Foggatt. As you may know, we have been an outspoken critic of The Common Application over the years like the time Bev questioned whether The Common Application was potentially restraining trade  by financially penalizing universities that chose not to offer The Common App. on an exclusive basis. At Ivy Coach, we firmly believe in capitalism. We firmly believe in a free economy. And thats why weve got the back of our friends at the Universal College Application, who deserve the right to have their application used by highly selective universities, too. And indeed the UCA is getting their wish at more and more schools these days. Yale University  may have no intention of joining the UCA instead preferring another application (or two) and thats just fine. We back the notion of multiple applications. According to the article on a potentially new Yale application in The Yale Daily News, Bev Taylor, founder of Ivy Coach, a New-York based college consulting firm, said that many other schools, including Princeton and Cornell, followed Harvard’s example and joined the Universal College Application after the Common App crashed last fall.  Taylor said these colleges were not originally members of Universal College Application because the Common App made it very expensive for a university to subscribe to two application systems. Apparently The Common Application may be reducing this fee perhaps inspired by our outspokenness on this issue. Or perhaps inspired by their desire to not restrain trade in the United States of America where every business should have the opportunity to be successful with smarts and hustle! Who knows.

Leadership - Motivation and Performance - 765 Words

The Expectancy Theory of Motivation explains the factors or the levels of which employees are motivated. There is a direct correlation of an employee’s trend to act in a scenario is dependent on the expectation the act will render. There are three key components and relationships in the expectancy theory. Effort-performance, Performance-reward, and Rewards-personal goals relationship are the three factors that define this correlation. These three will be discussed in detail accompanied by a proposed application for the given scenario. First of all in the Effort-performance relationship deals with â€Å"sweat equity† or how much effort must the employee invest in the position. The amount of effort is directly related to the amount of the†¦show more content†¦Often times the employee is seeking a higher position and would like to have the assurance of once meeting and/or exceeding lower level functions they are recognized by the organization. If the reward expected for the level of performance is not met by the employer the level of motivation goes down. Given then the scenario, though the company prides itself on high production standards and goals, they seem to not be able to translate these into tangible process that can be easily accepted by the employee. There is a three step process that could be done to resolve the issues or concerns of the members of Team A. The first step in my plan will be to identify what is required of by the employee in regards to resources, training or supervision in order to complete the task. For the group of employees that are stating â€Å"hand dexterity† issues, providing the employees with exercises and training to strengthen the hands will be advised, thus increasing both the effort of the employee and the performance level of the task. Production would be increased by setting performance goals that based on the completion of training could be met. 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